Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
BMC Vet Res. 2012 Jun 29;8:100. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-100.
Eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through the application of test-and-cull programs is a declared goal of developed countries in which the disease is still endemic. Here, longitudinal data from more than 1,700 cattle herds tested during a 12 year-period in the eradication program in the region of Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to quantify the within-herd transmission coefficient (β) depending on the herd-type (beef/dairy/bullfighting). In addition, the probability to recover the officially bTB free (OTF) status in infected herds depending on the type of herd and the diagnostic strategy implemented was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.
Overall, dairy herds showed higher β (median 4.7) than beef or bullfighting herds (2.3 and 2.2 respectively). Introduction of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as an ancillary test produced an apparent increase in the β coefficient regardless of production type, likely due to an increase in diagnostic sensitivity. Time to recover OTF status was also significantly lower in dairy herds, and length of bTB episodes was significantly reduced when the IFN-γ was implemented to manage the outbreak.
Our results suggest that bTB spreads more rapidly in dairy herds compared to other herd types, a likely cause being management and demographic-related factors. However, outbreaks in dairy herds can be controlled more rapidly than in typically extensive herd types. Finally, IFN-γ proved its usefulness to rapidly eradicate bTB at a herd-level.
通过实施检测和淘汰计划根除牛结核病（bTB）是疾病仍流行的发达国家的既定目标。在这里，对西班牙马德里地区根除计划中 12 年间超过 1700 个牛群的纵向数据进行了分析，以量化根据畜群类型（肉牛/奶牛/斗牛）的畜群内传播系数（β）。此外，还使用 Cox 比例风险模型评估了根据畜群类型和实施的诊断策略，感染畜群恢复官方 bTB 阴性（OTF）状态的概率。
总体而言，奶牛畜群的β值（中位数为 4.7）高于肉牛或斗牛畜群（分别为 2.3 和 2.2）。引入干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）作为辅助检测，无论生产类型如何，β系数都明显增加，这可能是由于诊断敏感性提高所致。奶牛畜群恢复 OTF 状态的时间也明显缩短，当 IFN-γ用于管理疫情时，bTB 持续时间显著缩短。
我们的结果表明，与其他畜群类型相比，bTB 在奶牛畜群中传播得更快，这可能是由于管理和人口统计学相关因素造成的。然而，与典型的广泛畜群类型相比，奶牛畜群中的疫情可以更快地得到控制。最后，IFN-γ被证明在牛群水平上快速根除 bTB 是有用的。
