Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029, USA.
J Genet Genomics. 2012 Jun 20;39(6):261-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.05.003. Epub 2012 May 12.
The rat is a powerful model for the study of human physiology and diseases, and is preferred by physiologists, neuroscientists and toxicologists. However, the lack of robust genetic modification tools has severely limited the generation of rat genetic models over the last two decades. In the last few years, several gene-targeting strategies have been developed in rats using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), transposons, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mediated transgenesis, and recently established rat embryonic stem (ES) cells. The development and improvement of these approaches to genetic manipulation have created a bright future for the use of genetic rat models in investigations of gene function and human diseases. Here, we summarize the strategies used for rat genetic manipulation in current research. We also discuss BAC transgenesis as a potential tool in rat transgenic models.
大鼠是研究人类生理学和疾病的强大模型，受到生理学家、神经科学家和毒理学家的青睐。然而，在过去的二十年中，缺乏强大的遗传修饰工具严重限制了大鼠遗传模型的产生。在过去的几年中，已经使用 N-乙基-N-亚硝脲（ENU）、转座子、锌指核酸酶（ZFN）、细菌人工染色体（BAC）介导的转基因技术以及最近建立的大鼠胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）在大鼠中开发了几种基因靶向策略。这些遗传操作方法的发展和改进为基因功能和人类疾病的研究中使用遗传大鼠模型创造了光明的未来。在这里，我们总结了当前研究中用于大鼠遗传操作的策略。我们还讨论了 BAC 转基因作为大鼠转基因模型的潜在工具。
