Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
Neuropharmacology. 2013 Jan;64:566-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.020. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric diseases and a key contributor to the patient's quality of life. However, an effective therapeutic strategy has yet to be developed. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), are promising techniques that are under investigation for a variety of otherwise treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric diseases. Notably, these tools can induce alterations in neural networks subserving cognitive operations and thus may provide a means for cognitive restoration. The purpose of this article is to review the available evidence concerning cognitive enhancing properties of noninvasive brain stimulation in neuropsychiatry. We specifically focus on major depression, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where cognitive dysfunction is a major symptom and some studies have been completed with promising results. We provide a critical assessment of the available research and suggestions to guide future efforts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
认知障碍是许多神经精神疾病的核心症状，也是导致患者生活质量下降的主要因素。然而，目前尚未开发出有效的治疗策略。非侵入性脑刺激技术，即经颅磁刺激（TMS）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS），是正在研究的有前途的技术，可用于治疗多种其他治疗抵抗的神经精神疾病。值得注意的是，这些工具可以诱导认知操作的神经网络发生改变，因此可能为认知恢复提供一种手段。本文的目的是回顾非侵入性脑刺激在神经精神医学方面增强认知的现有证据。我们特别关注抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），这些疾病的认知功能障碍是主要症状，并且已经完成了一些有希望的研究。我们对现有研究进行了批判性评估，并提出了一些建议，以指导未来的研究。本文是题为“认知增强剂”的特刊的一部分。
