Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Environ Manage. 2012 Sep;50(3):490-503. doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-9891-9. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
The Pampa in Argentina is a large plain with a quite obvious dependence on agriculture, water availability and its quality. It is a sensitive environment due to weather changes and slope variations. Supplementary irrigation is a useful practice for compensating the production in the zone. However, potential negative impacts of this type of irrigation in salinization and sodification of soils are evident. Most conventional methodologies for assessing water irrigation quality have difficulties in their application in the region because they do not adjust to the defined assumptions for them. Consequently, a new GIS-based methodology integrating multiparametric data was proposed for evaluating and delineating groundwater suitability zones for irrigation purposes in flat areas. Hydrogeological surveys including water level measurements, groundwater samples for chemical analysis and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements were performed. The combination of EC, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, slopes and hydraulic gradient parameters generated an irrigation water index (IWI). With the integration of the IWI 1 to 3 classes (categories of suitable waters for irrigation) and the aquifer thickness the restricted irrigation water index (RIWI) was obtained. The IWI's index application showed that 61.3 % of the area has "Very high" to "Moderate" potential for irrigation, while the 31.4 % of it has unsuitable waters. Approximately, 46 % of the tested area has high suitability for irrigation and moderate groundwater availability. This proposed methodology has advantages over traditional methods because it allows for better discrimination in homogeneous areas.
阿根廷的潘帕斯草原是一个大面积的平原，其农业、水资源及其质量具有明显的依赖性。由于气候变化和坡度变化，它是一个敏感的环境。补充灌溉是补偿该地区生产的一种有用实践。然而，这种灌溉方式在土壤盐化和碱化方面的潜在负面影响是显而易见的。大多数用于评估灌溉水质的常规方法在该地区的应用都存在困难，因为它们不能适应为其定义的假设。因此，提出了一种新的基于 GIS 的方法，该方法集成了多参数数据，用于评估和划定用于灌溉的平地地下水适宜性带。进行了包括水位测量、地下水化学分析和电导率（EC）测量的水文地质调查。EC、钠吸附比、剩余碳酸钠、坡度和水力梯度参数的组合生成了灌溉水指数（IWI）。通过将 IWI 1 到 3 类（适合灌溉的水类别）与含水层厚度结合起来，获得了限制灌溉水指数（RIWI）。IWI 的指数应用表明，61.3%的地区具有“非常高”到“中等”的灌溉潜力，而 31.4%的地区的水不适合灌溉。大约 46%的测试区域具有高灌溉适宜性和适度的地下水供应。与传统方法相比，这种方法具有优势，因为它允许在同质区域更好地进行区分。
