National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Office, Denver, CO 80225-0226, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2012 Jul-Aug;127(4):364-74. doi: 10.1177/003335491212700404.
We compared state-specific all-terrain vehicle (ATV) fatality rates from 2000-2007 with 1990-1999 data, grouping states according to helmet, training, and licensure requirements.
We used the CDC WONDER online database to identify ATV cases from 2000-2007 and calculate rates per 100,000 population by state, gender, and age.
ATV deaths (n=7,231) occurred at a rate of 0.32 per 100,000 population. Males accounted for 86% of ATV-related deaths at a rate that was six times that for females (0.55 vs. 0.09 per 100,000 population, respectively); 60% of the male deaths occurred in the 15- to 44-year age group. With the exception of the two oldest age categories, rates were consistently higher in the no-helmet-law group. Both the number and rate of ATV-related deaths increased more than threefold between 1990-1999 and 2000-2007. West Virginia and Alaska continue to have the highest ATV fatality rates (1.63 and 2.67 ATV deaths per 100,000 population, respectively).
Helmet-use requirements seem to slightly mitigate ATV-related death, but training requirements do not. For policy to be effective, it must be enforced.
我们比较了 2000-2007 年与 1990-1999 年按头盔、培训和许可证要求分组的各州全地形车（ATV）的特定州死亡率。
我们使用 CDC WONDER 在线数据库来确定 2000-2007 年的 ATV 病例，并按州、性别和年龄计算每 10 万人的发病率。
ATV 死亡（n=7231）的发生率为每 10 万人 0.32 人。男性占与 ATV 相关的死亡人数的 86%，其死亡率是女性的六倍（分别为每 10 万人 0.55 人和 0.09 人）；60%的男性死亡发生在 15 至 44 岁年龄组。除了两个最年长的年龄组外，无头盔法州的死亡率一直较高。在 1990-1999 年和 2000-2007 年之间，与 ATV 相关的死亡人数和死亡率都增加了两倍多。西弗吉尼亚州和阿拉斯加州的 ATV 死亡率仍然最高（分别为每 10 万人 1.63 和 2.67 人死亡）。
头盔使用要求似乎略微降低了与 ATV 相关的死亡，但培训要求没有。为了使政策有效，必须加以执行。
