Colliander E B, Tesch P A
Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1990 Sep;140(1):31-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08973.x.
The adaptive responses to two different resistance training regimens were compared. Healthy males performed five sets of either 12 maximum bilateral concentric (Grp CON; n = 11) or six pairs of maximum bilateral eccentric and concentric (Grp ECCON; n = 11) quadriceps muscle actions three times per week for 12 weeks. Uni- and bilateral eccentric and concentric peak torque at various angular velocities, vertical jump height and three-repetition maximum half-squat were measured before and after training. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analysed for fibre type composition and area using histochemical techniques. In contrast to a control group (n = 7), performing no training, Grps CON and ECCON demonstrated marked increases (P less than 0.05) in overall eccentric (19 and 37% respectively) and concentric (15 and 26% respectively) peak torques. Grp ECCON, however, showed greater (P less than 0.05) increases in peak torque, vertical jump height and three repetition maximum than Grp CON. The 7% increases in slow-twitch fibre area in Grps CON and ECCON and in fast-twitch fibre area in Grp CON were non-significant. This study suggests that increases in peak torque and strength-related performance parameters were greater following a programme consisting of maximum concentric and eccentric muscle actions than resistance training using concentric muscle actions only. Because increases in muscle fibre areas were small it is also suggested that the increased muscle strength shown subsequent to short-term accommodated resistance training is mainly due to neural adaptation.
比较了对两种不同抗阻训练方案的适应性反应。健康男性每周进行三次、每次五组每组12次的最大双侧向心收缩（CON组；n = 11）或六组每组六次的最大双侧离心和向心收缩（ECCON组；n = 11）股四头肌动作，持续12周。在训练前后测量了不同角速度下单侧和双侧的离心和向心峰值扭矩、垂直跳高度以及三次重复最大半蹲。从股外侧肌获取肌肉活检样本，并用组织化学技术分析纤维类型组成和面积。与未进行训练的对照组（n = 7）相比，CON组和ECCON组的整体离心（分别为19%和37%）和向心（分别为15%和26%）峰值扭矩均有显著增加（P < 0.05）。然而，ECCON组在峰值扭矩、垂直跳高度和三次重复最大值方面的增加幅度大于CON组（P < 0.05）。CON组和ECCON组慢肌纤维面积增加7%，CON组快肌纤维面积增加，这些增加均无统计学意义。本研究表明，与仅使用向心肌肉动作的抗阻训练相比，由最大离心和向心肌肉动作组成的训练方案后峰值扭矩和与力量相关的性能参数增加幅度更大。由于肌肉纤维面积增加较小，还表明短期适应性抗阻训练后显示的肌肉力量增加主要是由于神经适应。
