WHO Collaborating Centre (Mental Health), Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, PO 35, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 May;9(5):1748-56. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9051748. Epub 2012 May 7.
There have been few epidemiological surveys to establish prevalence and associated risk factors of psychosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reports a population-based epidemiological survey in rural Kenya of the prevalence of psychotic symptoms and their relationship with demographic, socio-economic and other risk factors. A random sample of 2% of all adults living in Maseno, Kisumu District of Nyanza province, Kenya (50,000 population) were studied, aiming for a sample size of 1,000 people. The psychosis screening questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the preceding twelve months. The response rate was 87.6%. The prevalence of single psychotic symptoms in rural Kenya was 8% of the adult population, but only 0.6% had two symptoms and none had three or more psychotic symptoms in this sample size. Psychotic symptoms were evenly distributed across this relatively poor rural population and were significantly associated with presence of common mental disorders, and to a lesser extent with poor physical health and housing type. We conclude that single psychotic symptoms are relatively common in rural Kenya and rates are elevated in those with CMD, poor physical health and poor housing.
在撒哈拉以南非洲，很少有流行病学调查来确定精神病的患病率和相关风险因素。本文报告了肯尼亚农村地区一项基于人群的流行病学调查，调查了精神病症状的患病率及其与人口统计学、社会经济和其他风险因素的关系。在肯尼亚尼扬扎省基苏木区马塞纳镇，对居住在那里的所有成年人的 2%进行了随机抽样（人口 50000），目的是抽取 1000 人的样本。使用精神病筛查问卷评估过去 12 个月内精神病症状的患病率。应答率为 87.6%。在肯尼亚农村，单一精神病症状的患病率为成年人口的 8%，但在这个样本量中，只有 0.6%的人有两种症状，没有人有三种或更多的精神病症状。精神病症状在这个相对贫穷的农村人群中分布均匀，与常见精神障碍显著相关，与身体健康状况较差和住房类型也有一定的相关性。我们的结论是，单一的精神病症状在肯尼亚农村地区较为常见，且在伴有 CMD、身体健康状况较差和住房较差的人群中发病率较高。
