Jenkins Rachel, Othieno Caleb, Ongeri Linnet, Ogutu Bernards, Sifuna Peter, Kingora James, Kiima David, Ongecha Michael, Omollo Raymond
Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 May 19;12(5):5310-28. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120505310.
There have been no repeat surveys of psychotic symptoms in Kenya or indeed subSaharan Africa. A mental health epidemiological survey was therefore conducted in a demographic surveillance site of a Kenyan household population in 2013 to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms would be similar to that found in an earlier sample drawn from the same sample frame in 2004, using the same overall methodology and instruments. This 2013 study found that the prevalence of one or more psychotic symptoms was 13.9% with one or more symptoms and 3.8% with two or more symptoms, while the 2004 study had found that the prevalence of single psychotic symptoms in rural Kenya was 8% of the adult population, but only 0.6% had two symptoms and none had three or more psychotic symptoms. This change was accounted for by a striking increase in psychotic symptoms in women (17.8% in 2013 compared with 6.9% in 2004, p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant change in men (10.6% in 2013 compared with 9.4% in 2004, p = 0.582). Potential reasons for this increase in rate of psychotic symptoms in women are explored.
肯尼亚乃至撒哈拉以南非洲地区都没有对精神病症状进行过重复调查。因此，2013年在肯尼亚一个家庭人口的人口监测点开展了一项心理健康流行病学调查，以检验以下假设：使用相同的总体方法和工具，精神病症状的患病率与2004年从相同样本框架中抽取的早期样本中的患病率相似。2013年的这项研究发现，出现一种或多种精神病症状的患病率为13.9%，出现两种或更多症状的患病率为3.8%，而2004年的研究发现，肯尼亚农村地区单一精神病症状的患病率占成年人口的8%，但只有0.6%的人有两种症状，没有人有三种或更多精神病症状。这种变化是由女性精神病症状的显著增加所导致的（2013年为17.8%，而2004年为6.9%，p<0.001），而男性则没有显著变化（2013年为10.6%，2004年为9.4%，p = 0.582）。本文探讨了女性精神病症状发生率增加的潜在原因。
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