Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Oct;75(7):1143-55. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.027. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a problem facing women around the world, one that has implications for women's health and well-being. The relationship between communities and the occurrence of IPV is an expanding area of research. Although a large number of community characteristics have been examined in relation to IPV, the research as a whole lacks a coherent theoretical focus or perspective. In this systematic review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence regarding the community-level correlates of IPV against women. In our review of peer-reviewed research published between January 1, 1990 and January 31, 2011, we identify key community-level correlates, detect gaps, and offer recommendations for future research. Recognizing a difference in approach between U.S. and non-U.S. based research and an over-reliance on a primarily urban, U.S.-based perspective on communities and IPV, we advocate for a global perspective that better reflects the social and economic fabric of communities around the world. Specifically, future research should focus on the most promising, but currently under-studied, community-level correlates of IPV against women, namely gender inequality, gender norms, and adapted measures of collective efficacy/social cohesion.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是全世界女性面临的问题，对女性的健康和福祉有着影响。社区与 IPV 发生之间的关系是一个不断扩大的研究领域。尽管已经有大量的社区特征与 IPV 相关联，但整体研究缺乏一致的理论焦点或视角。在本次系统综述中，我们提供了关于社区层面与女性遭受 IPV 相关联的证据的全面综合。在对 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2011 年 1 月 31 日期间发表的同行评审研究进行审查后，我们确定了关键的社区层面相关因素，发现了差距，并为未来的研究提出了建议。鉴于美国和非美国的研究方法存在差异，以及对社区和 IPV 的主要基于城市的美国视角的过度依赖，我们提倡采用更能反映世界各地社区的社会和经济结构的全球视角。具体而言，未来的研究应侧重于目前研究不足但最有前途的社区层面与女性遭受 IPV 相关联的因素，即性别不平等、性别规范以及适应性的集体效能/社会凝聚力衡量标准。
