Departament d'Economia de l'Empresa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
Cognition. 2012 Sep;124(3):334-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.002. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
Research into human decision-making has often sidestepped the question of search despite its importance across a wide range of domains such as search for food, mates, allies, visual targets or information. Recently, research on decisions from experience has made progress in finding out how individual characteristics shape search for information. Surprisingly little is known, however, about how the properties of the choice ecology shape people's search. To fill this void, we analyzed how two key ecological properties influence search effort: domain of choice (gains vs. losses) and experienced variance (variance vs. no variance). Many people search longer when facing the prospect of losses relative to gains. Moreover, most people search more in options in which they experience variance relative to options they experience as invariant. We conclude that two factors that have been identified as important determinants of choice also influence search of information.
人类决策的研究往往回避了搜索的问题，尽管搜索在广泛的领域（如食物、伴侣、盟友、视觉目标或信息的搜索）都非常重要。最近，关于经验决策的研究在发现个体特征如何塑造信息搜索方面取得了进展。然而，人们对选择生态系统的属性如何影响人们的搜索知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，我们分析了两个关键的生态属性如何影响搜索努力：选择领域（收益与损失）和经验方差（方差与无方差）。与收益相比，面对损失的前景时，许多人会进行更长时间的搜索。此外，与经历不变的选项相比，大多数人在经历方差的选项中搜索更多。我们的结论是，已经确定为选择的重要决定因素的两个因素也会影响信息的搜索。
