National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2013 Jun;56(6):670-81. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22082. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
Twenty-two million workers are exposed to hazardous noise in the United States. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss among U.S. industries.
We examined 2000-2008 audiograms for male and female workers ages 18-65, who had higher occupational noise exposures than the general population. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for hearing loss were estimated and compared across industries.
In our sample, 18% of workers had hearing loss. When compared with the Couriers and Messengers industry sub-sector, workers employed in Mining (PR = 1.65, CI = 1.57-1.73), Wood Product Manufacturing (PR = 1.65, CL = 1.61-1.70), Construction of Buildings (PR = 1.52, CI = 1.45-1.59), and Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (PR = 1.61, CL = 1.51-1.71) [corrected] had higher risks for hearing loss.
Workers in the Mining, Manufacturing, and Construction industries need better engineering controls for noise and stronger hearing conservation strategies. More hearing loss research is also needed within traditional "low-risk" industries like Real Estate.
在美国，有 2200 万名工人接触到危险噪音。本研究的目的是估计美国各行业听力损失的患病率。
我们检查了 2000 年至 2008 年期间，18 至 65 岁、职业性噪声暴露高于一般人群的男性和女性工人的听力图。对听力损失的患病率和调整后的患病率比（PR）进行了估计，并在各行业之间进行了比较。
在我们的样本中，18%的工人有听力损失。与信使行业子部门相比，从事采矿（PR=1.65，CI=1.57-1.73）、木材产品制造（PR=1.65，CL=1.61-1.70）、建筑（PR=1.52，CI=1.45-1.59）和房地产、租赁和租赁（PR=1.61，CL=1.51-1.71）的工人患听力损失的风险更高。
采矿、制造和建筑行业的工人需要更好的噪声工程控制和更强的听力保护策略。还需要在房地产等传统的“低风险”行业进行更多的听力损失研究。
