Wang Sirui, Liu Shuhan, Li Kaijie, Tang Wei, Fan Xiaofeng, Cheng Yongran, Dai Lili
Clinical Medicine Department, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3423. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21094-4.
Occupational noise has long been recognized as a significant risk factor for hearing loss, particularly among workers. This study aimed to assess the disease burden of hearing loss caused by occupational noise in China from 1990 to 2019, with a focus on differences across sex and age groups, so as to address the existing gaps in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) reports. By analyzing changes in years lived with disability (YLDs) among different sex and age groups over the past 30 years, this study provides valuable insights for the development of occupational noise safety measures in China.
We extracted data on the burden of hearing loss attributable to occupational noise from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. R software (version 4.12) was used to calculate the YLDs, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and average annual percent change (AAPC), stratified by age and sex. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in the burden of disease attributable to occupational noise exposure from 1990 to 2019.
In China, the YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss in 2019 were 2.3277 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.5779-3.3478 million, marking a 70.95% increase compared with that in 1990. Throughout the study period, YLD rates exhibited a declining trend, with rates of 127.7 per 100,000 (95% UI: 87.4-181.4) in 1990 and 119.8 per 100,000 (95% UI: 81.2-182.1) in 2019. Using the Joinpoint regression model, the annual percent change (APC) in age-standardized YLD rates for occupational noise-related hearing loss initially increased from 1990 to 2000, followed by a decline, reaching its lowest point in 2015. From a sex perspective, the burden of YLDs in Chinese males exceeded that in females, although the rate of decline was less pronounced in females. With regard to age, the number and rate of YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss generally increased with age, particularly among middle-aged individuals and older adults. However, from 1990 to 2019, the number of YLDs attributable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss decreased among young people aged 15-19 years, accompanied by a significant reduction in YLDs rates.
Hearing loss attributable to occupational noise represents a substantial public health concern, especially among middle-aged and older adult workers in China. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective measures to mitigate occupational noise exposure.
长期以来，职业噪声一直被认为是导致听力损失的重要危险因素，尤其是在工人中。本研究旨在评估1990年至2019年中国职业噪声所致听力损失的疾病负担，重点关注性别和年龄组之间的差异，以填补全球疾病负担研究（GBD）报告中存在的空白。通过分析过去30年不同性别和年龄组的残疾生活年数（YLDs）变化，本研究为中国职业噪声安全措施的制定提供了有价值的见解。
我们从2019年全球疾病负担研究中提取了职业噪声所致听力损失负担的数据。使用R软件（版本4.12）按年龄和性别分层计算YLDs、年龄标准化率（ASRs）和平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析1990年至2019年职业噪声暴露所致疾病负担的趋势。
在中国，2019年职业噪声性听力损失所致的YLDs为232.77万[95%不确定区间（UI）：157.79 - 334.78万]，与1990年相比增加了70.95%。在整个研究期间，YLD率呈下降趋势，1990年为每10万人127.7例（95% UI：87.4 - 181.4），2019年为每10万人119.8例（95% UI：81.2 - 182.1）。使用Joinpoint回归模型，职业噪声相关听力损失的年龄标准化YLD率的年度百分比变化（APC）最初在1990年至2000年上升，随后下降，在2015年达到最低点。从性别角度来看，中国男性的YLDs负担超过女性，尽管女性的下降速度不太明显。在年龄方面，职业噪声性听力损失所致的YLDs数量和率一般随年龄增加而增加，特别是在中年人和老年人中。然而，从1990年到2019年，15 - 19岁年轻人中职业噪声性听力损失所致的YLDs数量减少，同时YLDs率显著下降。
职业噪声所致听力损失是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在中国尤其影响中年和老年工人。这些发现强调了采取有效措施减轻职业噪声暴露的重要性。
