Queens College of The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Dec 30;200(2-3):635-40. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.016. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
Neurocognitive deficits and their relationship with symptoms have been documented in schizophrenia and at-risk samples. Limited research has examined relationships of schizotypal traits with cognitive functioning among nonclinical samples. To expand this literature and elucidate a dimensional model of psychosis-proneness, we examined the relationship of schizotypal traits with estimated intellectual functioning, simple and complex attention/working memory, verbal fluency and visuospatial abilities in a nonclinical sample of 63 young adults. As hypothesized, aspects of neurocognition were more closely associated with negative (than positive or disorganized) schizotypal traits. For the total sample, poorer visuospatial performance was associated with more negative and overall schizotypal traits. The magnitude of the majority of findings was strengthened after controlling for depression and anxiety. No other findings were significant. Results partially support Meehl's (1962, 1990) view that processes underlying schizophrenia are expressed along a continuum. Findings suggest a relationship of schizotypal traits with neurocognition that is differentiated by trait dimensions, beyond the contribution of general psychiatric symptoms. Findings have implications for better understanding etiology and potential risk factors for psychosis. While sex distribution did not enable direct examination of sex effects, evidence in the field argues for continued exploration of differential patterns by sex.
神经认知缺陷及其与症状的关系在精神分裂症和高危样本中已有记录。有限的研究考察了精神分裂症特质与非临床样本认知功能之间的关系。为了扩展这一文献，并阐明精神病易感性的维度模型，我们在一个非临床的 63 名年轻人样本中，检查了精神分裂症特质与估计的智力功能、简单和复杂注意力/工作记忆、语言流畅性和视空间能力之间的关系。正如假设的那样，认知的各个方面与阴性（而不是阳性或混乱）精神分裂症特质更密切相关。对于整个样本，较差的视空间表现与更多的阴性和整体精神分裂症特质有关。在控制抑郁和焦虑后，大多数发现的幅度都有所增强。没有其他发现是显著的。结果部分支持 Meehl（1962，1990）的观点，即精神分裂症的潜在过程是沿着一个连续体表达的。研究结果表明，精神分裂症特质与认知功能之间存在关系，这种关系可以通过特质维度来区分，而不仅仅是一般精神症状的贡献。这些发现对更好地理解精神病的病因和潜在风险因素具有重要意义。虽然性别分布不能直接检查性别效应，但该领域的证据表明，需要继续探索性别差异模式。
