Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:587-95. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
Unintentional injury constitutes a major health risk for young children, with many injuries occurring in the home. Although active supervision by parents has been shown to be effective to prevent injuries, evidence indicates that parents do not consistently apply this strategy. To address this issue, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of the Supervising for Home Safety program on parent supervision practices in the home and when unobtrusively observed in a naturalistic laboratory setting. Using a participant-event monitoring procedure, parents of children aged 2 through 5 years completed supervision recording sheets weekly both before and after exposure to the intervention program; Control parents completed the same measures but received a program focusing on child nutrition and active lifestyles. Unobtrusive video recordings of parent supervision of their child in a room containing contrived hazards also were taken pre- and post-intervention. Results indicated that groups did not differ in demographic characteristics. Comparisons of post- with pre-intervention diary reported home supervision practices revealed a significant decrease in time that children were unsupervised, an increase in in-view supervision, and an increase in level of supervision when children were out of view, with all changes found only for the Intervention group. Similarly, only parents in the Intervention group showed a significant increase in attention to the child in the contrived hazards context, with these differences evident immediately after and 3 months after exposure to the intervention. These results provide the first evidence that an intervention program can positively impact caregiver supervision.
意外伤害是幼儿的主要健康风险之一，许多伤害发生在家庭中。尽管父母的积极监督已被证明可以有效预防伤害，但有证据表明，父母并没有始终如一地应用这一策略。为了解决这个问题，进行了一项随机对照试验，以评估家庭安全监督计划对父母在家中监督实践的影响，以及在自然实验室环境中进行非干扰观察时的影响。使用参与者事件监测程序，2 至 5 岁儿童的父母在接触干预计划前后每周完成监督记录表；对照组的父母也完成了相同的措施，但接受了一个关注儿童营养和积极生活方式的计划。在干预前后，还对父母在包含人为危险的房间中监督孩子的非干扰视频记录进行了拍摄。结果表明，两组在人口统计学特征上没有差异。与干预前的日记报告相比，家庭监督实践的比较显示，孩子无人监督的时间显著减少，可见监督增加，孩子不在视线范围内的监督水平增加，所有变化仅见于干预组。同样，只有干预组的父母在人为危险环境中对孩子的注意力显著增加，这些差异在接触干预后立即和 3 个月后显现出来。这些结果首次提供了证据，证明干预计划可以积极影响照顾者的监督。
