Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Oct;36(9):1965-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
Although physical activity reduces anxiety in humans, the neural basis for this response is unclear. Rodent models are essential to understand the mechanisms that underlie the benefits of exercise. However, it is controversial whether exercise exerts anxiolytic-like potential in rodents. Evidence is reviewed to evaluate the effects of wheel running, an experimental mode of exercise in rodents, on behavior in tests of anxiety and on norepinephrine and galanin systems in neural circuits that regulate stress. Stress is proposed to account for mixed behavioral findings in this literature. Indeed, running promotes an adaptive response to stress and alters anxiety-like behaviors in a manner dependent on stress. Running amplifies galanin expression in noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and suppresses stress-induced activity of the LC and norepinephrine output in LC-target regions. Thus, enhanced galanin-mediated suppression of brain norepinephrine in runners is supported by current literature as a mechanism that may contribute to the stress-protective effects of exercise. These data support the use of rodents to study the emotional and neurobiological consequences of exercise.
尽管身体活动能减轻人类的焦虑，但这种反应的神经基础尚不清楚。啮齿动物模型对于理解运动益处的机制至关重要。然而，运动是否在啮齿动物中表现出类似抗焦虑的潜力存在争议。本文综述了评估轮式跑步（啮齿动物的一种实验运动模式）对焦虑测试中行为以及调节应激的神经回路中去甲肾上腺素和甘丙肽系统的影响的证据。提出了应激来解释该文献中混合的行为发现。事实上，跑步促进了对压力的适应性反应，并以依赖于压力的方式改变了类似焦虑的行为。跑步增加了蓝斑核（LC）中的甘丙肽表达，并抑制了 LC 中的应激诱导活性和 LC 靶向区域中的去甲肾上腺素输出。因此，当前文献支持增强的甘丙肽介导的跑步者脑去甲肾上腺素抑制作为一种可能有助于运动的应激保护作用的机制。这些数据支持使用啮齿动物来研究运动对情绪和神经生物学的影响。
