Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B12, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2012 Oct;23(10):2489-98. doi: 10.1007/s10856-012-4713-4. Epub 2012 Jul 8.
Successful tissue engineering with the aid of a polymer scaffold offers the possibility to produce a larger construct and to mould the shape after the defect. We investigated the use of cryogelation to form protein-based scaffolds through different types of formation mechanisms; enzymatic crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and non-covalent interactions. Casein was found to best suited for enzymatic crosslinking, gelatin for chemical crosslinking, and ovalbumin for non-covalent interactions. Fibroblasts and myoblasts were used to evaluate the cryogels for tissue engineering purposes. The stability of the cryogels over time in culture differed depending on formation mechanism. Casein cryogels showed best potential to be used in skeletal tissue engineering, whereas gelatin cryogels would be more suitable for compliable soft tissues even though it also seemed to support a myogenic phenotype. Ovalbumin cryogels would be better suited for elastic tissues with faster regeneration properties due to its faster degradation time. Overall, the cryogelation technique offers a fast, cheap and reproducible way of creating porous scaffolds from proteins without the use of toxic compounds.
成功的组织工程学借助聚合物支架提供了生产更大结构和根据缺陷形状塑造的可能性。我们研究了通过不同类型的形成机制（酶交联、化学交联和非共价相互作用）来形成基于蛋白质的支架。酪蛋白最适合酶交联，明胶最适合化学交联，卵清蛋白最适合非共价相互作用。成纤维细胞和肌母细胞用于评估用于组织工程目的的冷冻凝胶。根据形成机制的不同，冷冻凝胶在培养过程中的稳定性随时间而变化。酪蛋白冷冻凝胶在用于骨骼组织工程方面具有最佳潜力，而明胶冷冻凝胶更适合顺应性软组织，尽管它似乎也支持成肌表型。由于其更快的降解时间，卵清蛋白冷冻凝胶更适合具有更快再生特性的弹性组织。总的来说，冷冻凝胶技术提供了一种快速、廉价和可重复的方法，无需使用有毒化合物即可从蛋白质中制造多孔支架。
