School of Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Qld, 4122, Australia.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Jan;41(1):151-63. doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9657-0.
This study examined the incidence and correlates of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in children with anxiety disorders. Participants were 6-13 year old children diagnosed with one or more anxiety disorders (n = 54) and non-clinical control children (n = 51). Telephone diagnostic interviews were performed with parents to determine the presence and absence of anxiety disorders in children. Parents completed a questionnaire that elicited information about their child's gastrointestinal symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders in children, as specified by the paediatric Rome criteria (Caplan et al., Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 41, 296-304, 2005a). Parents and children also completed a symptom severity measure of anxiety. As expected, children with anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to have symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), compared to children without anxiety disorders. That is, 40.7 % of anxious children had symptoms of a FGID compared to 5.9 % of non-anxious control children. Children with anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to have symptoms of functional constipation, and showed a trend for a higher incidence of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms compared to non-anxious control children. Furthermore, higher anxiety symptom severity was characteristic of anxious children with symptoms of FGID, compared to anxious children without FGID symptoms and non-anxious control children. Also, children with anxiety disorders, regardless of FGID symptoms, were more likely to have a biological family member, particularly a parent or grandparent, with a gastrointestinal problem, compared to non-anxious control children. The high incidence of FGID symptoms in children with anxiety disorders warrants further research on whether gastrointestinal symptoms reduce following psychological treatments for childhood anxiety disorders, such as cognitive behavioural therapy.
本研究调查了焦虑障碍儿童功能性胃肠道症状的发生率和相关性。参与者为 6-13 岁被诊断为一种或多种焦虑障碍的儿童（n=54）和非临床对照儿童（n=51）。通过电话诊断访谈了解儿童是否存在焦虑障碍。父母填写了一份问卷，了解与儿童功能性胃肠道疾病相关的胃肠道症状，这些症状是根据儿科罗马标准（Caplan 等人，《儿科胃肠病学与营养学杂志》，41，296-304，2005a）确定的。父母和孩子还完成了焦虑症状严重程度的测量。正如预期的那样，与没有焦虑障碍的儿童相比，患有焦虑障碍的儿童更有可能出现功能性胃肠道疾病（FGID）的症状。也就是说，40.7%的焦虑儿童有 FGID 症状，而 5.9%的无焦虑对照儿童有 FGID 症状。患有焦虑障碍的儿童更有可能出现功能性便秘的症状，而且与无焦虑对照儿童相比，出现肠易激综合征症状的几率更高。此外，与无 FGID 症状的焦虑儿童和无焦虑对照儿童相比，有 FGID 症状的焦虑儿童的焦虑症状严重程度更高。此外，无论是否存在 FGID 症状，患有焦虑障碍的儿童更有可能有一个生物学上的家庭成员，特别是父母或祖父母，有胃肠道问题，而不是无焦虑对照儿童。患有焦虑障碍的儿童 FGID 症状的高发生率需要进一步研究胃肠道症状是否会在儿童焦虑障碍的心理治疗（如认知行为疗法）后减轻。
