Galvan Adriana, Smith Yoland
Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta GA 30322 USA.
Basal Ganglia. 2011 Nov 1;1(4):179-189. doi: 10.1016/j.baga.2011.09.001.
The striatum receives glutamatergic inputs from two main thalamostriatal systems that originate either from the centre median/parafascicular complex (CM/PF-striatal system) or the rostral intralaminar, midline, associative and relay thalamic nuclei (non-CM/PF-striatal system). These dual thalamostriatal systems display striking differences in their anatomical and, most likely, functional organization. The CM/PF-striatal system is topographically organized, and integrated within functionally segregated basal ganglia-thalamostriatal circuits that process sensorimotor, associative and limbic information. CM/PF neurons are highly responsive to attention-related sensory stimuli, suggesting that the CM/PF-striatal system, through its strong connections with cholinergic interneurons, may play a role in basal ganglia-mediated learning, behavioral switching and reinforcement. In light of evidence for prominent CM/PF neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease, we propose that the significant CM-striatal system degeneration, combined with the severe nigrostriatal dopamine loss in sensorimotor striatal regions, may alter normal automatic actions, and shift the processing of basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor programs towards goal-directed behaviors.
纹状体从两个主要的丘脑纹状体系统接收谷氨酸能输入，这两个系统分别起源于中央中核/束旁复合体（CM/PF-纹状体系统）或嘴侧层内、中线、联合和中继丘脑核（非CM/PF-纹状体系统）。这两个丘脑纹状体系统在解剖结构上，很可能在功能组织上也存在显著差异。CM/PF-纹状体系统是按拓扑结构组织的，并整合在功能上分离的基底神经节-丘脑纹状体回路中，这些回路处理感觉运动、联合和边缘系统信息。CM/PF神经元对与注意力相关的感觉刺激高度敏感，这表明CM/PF-纹状体系统通过与胆碱能中间神经元的紧密连接，可能在基底神经节介导的学习、行为转换和强化中发挥作用。鉴于帕金森病中CM/PF神经元明显缺失的证据，我们提出，显著的CM-纹状体系统退化，加上感觉运动纹状体区域严重的黑质纹状体多巴胺缺失，可能会改变正常的自动行为，并使基底神经节-丘脑皮质运动程序的处理转向目标导向行为。
