Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy and Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environ Toxicol. 2014 Jun;29(6):655-64. doi: 10.1002/tox.21792. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (4-Cl-o-PD) is a halogenated aromatic diamine that was used as a precursor for manufacturing permanent hair dyes. Despite its well-documented mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in a number of in vitro and in vivo models, its cytotoxicity and mode of action have not received similar attention. Here, we investigated the effect of 4-Cl-o-PD on Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells. It induced apoptosis and the evidence suggests its initiation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of various assays used show a dose-dependent (i) decrease in cell viability, (ii) increase in cells at sub-G1 phase and the G0/G1 phase arrested in cell cycle, (iii) increase in intracellular ROS accompanied by depletion of glutathione, and (iv) that apoptotic cell death probably involves activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
4-氯-1,2-苯二胺（4-Cl-o-PD）是一种卤代芳香二胺，曾被用作制造永久性染发剂的前体。尽管在许多体外和体内模型中已充分证明其具有致突变性和致癌性，但对其细胞毒性和作用方式的关注却并不相同。在这里，我们研究了 4-Cl-o-PD 对 Mardin-Darby 犬肾细胞的影响。它诱导了细胞凋亡，并且有证据表明其是由活性氧（ROS）引发的。使用的各种检测结果表明，细胞活力呈剂量依赖性（i）下降，（ii）处于亚 G1 期的细胞增加，细胞周期停滞在 G0/G1 期，（iii）细胞内 ROS 增加，谷胱甘肽耗竭，（iv）细胞凋亡死亡可能涉及到内在和外在途径的激活。
