Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Radiographics. 2012 Jul-Aug;32(4):1109-19; discussion 1119-20. doi: 10.1148/rg.324115072.
Computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions such as biopsy, drainage, and ablation may be significant sources of radiation exposure in both patients and radiologists. Simple CT techniques to reduce radiation dose may be employed without increasing the procedure time or significantly degrading image quality. To develop low-dose protocols, it is important to understand the key concepts of delivered radiation dose to patients and physicians during CT-guided interventions. Patient dose estimates are easily followed and are provided at CT workstations. Familiarity with dose estimates, which are expressed as CT dose index and dose-length product, is also important. Methods to reduce radiation exposure in patients and physicians include performing proper preprocedure planning and paying careful attention to technique during the planning stage, making use of personal protective equipment, performing CT fluoroscopy intermittently instead of in real time, and optimizing needle visualization. Representative examples of these techniques have resulted in dose reductions of as much as 89%. Alternative imaging technologies that do not use ionizing radiation, such as virtual and ultrasonographic guidance, may also be used to reduce radiation dose. Understanding dose contribution strategies to reduce radiation dose provides a safer, more efficient environment for patients and the radiology team.
计算机断层扫描（CT）引导下的介入治疗，如活检、引流和消融，可能是患者和放射科医生辐射暴露的重要来源。可以采用简单的 CT 技术来降低辐射剂量，而不会增加手术时间或显著降低图像质量。为了制定低剂量方案，了解 CT 引导介入治疗过程中患者和医生接受的放射剂量的关键概念非常重要。患者剂量估计值易于跟踪，并在 CT 工作站上提供。熟悉剂量估计值（以 CT 剂量指数和剂量长度乘积表示）也很重要。降低患者和医生辐射暴露的方法包括在术前进行适当的规划，并在规划阶段仔细注意技术，使用个人防护设备，间歇性而不是实时进行 CT 透视，以及优化针的可视化。这些技术的代表性例子已经导致剂量减少了 89%。还可以使用不使用电离辐射的替代成像技术，如虚拟和超声引导，来降低辐射剂量。了解降低辐射剂量的剂量贡献策略为患者和放射科团队提供了更安全、更高效的环境。
