Tiew Lay Hwa, Creedy Debra K, Chan Moon Fai
Alexandra Hospital, Jurong Health Services, Singapore.
Nurse Educ Today. 2013 Jun;33(6):574-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
To investigate nursing students' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care.
Spirituality is an essential part of holistic care but often neglected in practice. Barriers to spiritual care include limited educational preparation, negative attitudes towards spirituality, confusion about nurses' role, perceptions of incompetence and avoidance of spiritual matters. There is limited knowledge about students' perspectives of spirituality and spiritual care. Previous studies have predominantly focused on educational approaches to enhance spirituality. The next generation of clinicians may have different worldviews, cultural beliefs and values about spirituality and spiritual care from current nurses. There is a need to understand students' views and how their spiritual development is shaped in order to inform pre-registration education.
A cross-sectional survey of final-year students from three educational institutions in Singapore was conducted from April to August 2010. Data included demographic details and responses on a new composite tool, the Spiritual Care Giving Scale (SCGS).
A response rate of 61.9% (n=745 out of 1204) was achieved. The lowest mean score was item 9, "Without spirituality, a person is not considered whole". Highest mean was item 2, "Spirituality is an important aspect of human being". Factor 5 (Spiritual Care Values) had the lowest mean with Factor 2 (Spirituality Perspectives) the highest. Participants considered spirituality as essential to being human; developmental in nature; and vital for individuals' state of well-being. Attributes important for spiritual care were identified. Multivariate analyses showed positive association between participants' scores and institution but not with other variables.
Participating student nurses reported a high level of spiritual awareness that was not constrained by age. Students affirmed the importance of spiritual awareness in order to address the spiritual needs of patients. There was some congruence between the perceptions of students in this ethno-culturally diverse Asian sample and responses by students in the UK and North America on the personal attributes needed to provide spiritual care. Comparative studies using the SCGS could inform our understanding of spirituality and best pedagogical approaches to develop spiritual awareness across the curricula and in clinical practice.
调查护理专业学生对灵性及灵性照护的认知。
灵性是整体照护的重要组成部分，但在实践中常被忽视。灵性照护的障碍包括教育准备有限、对灵性持消极态度、对护士角色的困惑、认为自己无能力以及回避灵性问题。关于学生对灵性及灵性照护的观点的了解有限。以往研究主要集中在增强灵性的教育方法上。下一代临床医生在灵性及灵性照护方面可能具有与当前护士不同的世界观、文化信仰和价值观。有必要了解学生的观点以及他们的灵性发展是如何形成的，以便为注册前教育提供信息。
2010年4月至8月对新加坡三所教育机构的最后一年学生进行了横断面调查。数据包括人口统计学细节以及对一种新的综合工具——灵性照护给予量表（SCGS）的回答。
应答率为61.9%（1204人中745人）。平均分最低的是第9项，“没有灵性，一个人就不被认为是完整的”。平均分最高的是第2项，“灵性是人类的一个重要方面”。因素5（灵性照护价值观）平均分最低，因素2（灵性观点）平均分最高。参与者认为灵性对人来说是必不可少的；本质上是发展性的；对个人的幸福状态至关重要。确定了对灵性照护重要的属性。多变量分析显示参与者的分数与机构之间存在正相关，但与其他变量无关。
参与调查的实习护士报告了较高水平的灵性意识，且不受年龄限制。学生们肯定了灵性意识对于满足患者灵性需求的重要性。在这个具有种族文化多样性的亚洲样本中，学生的认知与英国和北美的学生对提供灵性照护所需个人属性的回答之间存在一些一致性。使用SCGS进行的比较研究可以增进我们对灵性的理解以及在整个课程和临床实践中培养灵性意识的最佳教学方法。
