Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
Osteoporos Int. 2013 Mar;24(3):929-40. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2071-1. Epub 2012 Jul 13.
In type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), only 22 % have normal bone mineral density and almost three quarters of the sample population had low self-efficacy towards osteoporosis. These results reflect the need for screening and educational programs to increase the awareness of T2DM towards osteoporosis.
Our aim was to translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the osteoporosis self-efficacy scale (OSES-M) among T2DM and to determine the best cut-off value with optimum sensitivity and specificity. In addition, to assess factors that affects diabetic patients' osteoporosis self-efficacy.
A standard "forward-backward" procedure was used to translate the OSES into Malay language, which was then validated with a convenience sample of 250 T2DM. The sensitivity and specificity of the OSES-M was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Bivariate and multivariate approaches were used to examine multiple independent variables on each dependent variable.
The mean score of OSES-M was 731.74 ± 197.15. Fleiss' kappa, content validity ratio range, and content validity index were 0.99, 0.75-1, and 0.96, respectively. Two factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were 0.92 and 0.86, respectively. The optimum cut-off point of OSES-M to predict osteoporosis/osteopenia was 858. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge, health belief, and some demographic data had an impact on OSES-M.
The results show that the OSES-M is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring osteoporosis self-efficacy in the Malaysian clinical setting.
在 2 型糖尿病患者（T2DM）中，仅有 22%的患者具有正常的骨矿物质密度，近四分之三的样本人群对骨质疏松症的自我效能感较低。这些结果反映出需要进行筛查和教育计划，以提高 T2DM 对骨质疏松症的认识。
我们的目的是翻译并检验马来语骨质疏松症自我效能量表（OSES-M）在 T2DM 中的心理测量特性，并确定最佳的截断值，以实现最佳的敏感性和特异性。此外，评估影响糖尿病患者骨质疏松症自我效能感的因素。
采用标准的“前后”翻译程序将 OSES 翻译成马来语，然后对 250 例 T2DM 患者进行验证。使用受试者工作特征曲线分析计算 OSES-M 的敏感性和特异性。使用双变量和多变量方法检验每个因变量的多个独立变量。
OSES-M 的平均得分为 731.74±197.15。Fleiss'kappa、内容效度比值范围和内容效度指数分别为 0.99、0.75-1 和 0.96。探索性因子分析提取了两个因子，并通过验证性因子分析得到了验证。内部一致性和重测信度分别为 0.92 和 0.86。OSES-M 预测骨质疏松症/骨量减少的最佳截断点为 858。回归分析表明，知识、健康信念和一些人口统计学数据对 OSES-M 有影响。
结果表明，OSES-M 是马来西亚临床环境中测量骨质疏松症自我效能感的可靠有效的工具。
