Department of Education and Psychology, Methods and Evaluation, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Behav Med. 2013 Oct;36(5):508-19. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9445-x. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
Sun protection standards among teenagers are low while sun exposure peaks in this age group. Study 1 explores predictors of adolescent protection intentions and exposure behavior. Study 2 tests the effectiveness of an intervention based on these predictors. Study 1(cross-sectional, N = 207, ages 15-18) and Study 2 (RCT, N = 253, ages 13-19) were conducted in schools. Path models were used to analyze data. Self-efficacy (β = .26, p < .001) and time perspective (β = .17, p = .014) were the strongest predictors of intentions; appearance motivation (β = .54, p < .001) and intention (β = -.18, p = .015) predicted behavior. The intervention effected changes in all predictors except self-efficacy. Changes in outcome expectancies (β = .19, p < .001) and time perspective (β = .09, p = .039) predicted changes in intention, while changes in intention (β = -.17, p = .002) and appearance motivation (β = .29, p < .001) predicted behavior changes. Target group- and behavior-specific intervention components are as important for changes in intentions and behavior as components derived from common health behavior theories.
青少年的防晒标准较低，而这个年龄段的阳光暴露量却达到顶峰。研究 1 探讨了青少年保护意图和暴露行为的预测因素。研究 2 测试了基于这些预测因素的干预措施的有效性。研究 1（横断面研究，N = 207，年龄 15-18 岁）和研究 2（RCT，N = 253，年龄 13-19 岁）均在学校进行。使用路径模型分析数据。自我效能感（β =.26，p <.001）和时间观（β =.17，p =.014）是意图的最强预测因素；外表动机（β =.54，p <.001）和意图（β = -.18，p =.015）预测行为。除自我效能感外，干预措施还改变了所有预测因素。结果期望（β =.19，p <.001）和时间观（β =.09，p =.039）的变化预测了意图的变化，而意图（β = -.17，p =.002）和外表动机（β =.29，p <.001）的变化预测了行为的变化。目标群体和行为特异性干预因素对于意图和行为的变化与源自常见健康行为理论的因素一样重要。
