Applied Research Centre in Health and Lifestyle Interventions, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK.
Br J Health Psychol. 2010 May;15(Pt 2):265-88. doi: 10.1348/135910709X461752. Epub 2009 Jul 7.
Increasing self-efficacy is an effective method to increase physical activity. Despite this, the evidence concerning the most effective techniques to increase self-efficacy in physical activity interventions has not been systematically reviewed. The aim of the present research is to systematically gather, and meta-analyse, intervention studies which aimed to increase self-efficacy for physical activity; to estimate the association between intervention techniques used, and change in self-efficacy achieved.
A systematic database search was conducted for papers reporting lifestyle or recreational physical activity interventions. Published intervention studies explicitly targeting self-efficacy in order to change physical activity behaviour in 'healthy' adults were eligible for inclusion.
The search strategy identified 27 unique physical activity intervention studies, with a total of 5,501 participants. A significant, yet small, relationship between the interventions and changes in self-efficacy was found (mean d=0.16, p<.001). Owing to significant heterogeneity, moderator analyses were conducted, examining the association of changes in self-efficacy with whether or not specific intervention techniques were used. Interventions that included feedback on past or others' performance produced the highest levels of self-efficacy found in this review. Vicarious experience was also associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. Persuasion, graded mastery, and barrier identification were associated with lower levels of self-efficacy.
This meta-analysis forms an evidence base for which psychological techniques are most effective in increasing self-efficacy for physical activity. The results are presented in terms of recommendations for those developing interventions and directions for future research.
提高自我效能感是增加身体活动的有效方法。尽管如此，关于在身体活动干预中提高自我效能感最有效的技术的证据尚未得到系统审查。本研究旨在系统地收集和荟萃分析旨在提高身体活动自我效能感的干预研究；估计所使用的干预技术与所实现的自我效能感变化之间的关联。
对报告生活方式或娱乐性身体活动干预的文献进行了系统的数据库搜索。发表的专门针对自我效能感的干预研究，旨在改变“健康”成年人的身体活动行为，有资格入选。
搜索策略确定了 27 项独特的身体活动干预研究，共有 5501 名参与者。干预措施与自我效能感变化之间存在显著但较小的关系（平均 d=0.16，p<.001）。由于存在显著的异质性，因此进行了调节分析，检查了自我效能感变化与是否使用特定干预技术之间的关联。包括对过去或他人表现的反馈的干预措施产生了本综述中发现的最高水平的自我效能感。间接经验也与更高水平的自我效能感相关。说服、分级掌握和障碍识别与较低的自我效能感相关。
这项荟萃分析为提高身体活动自我效能感最有效的心理技术提供了证据基础。结果以针对那些制定干预措施的人的建议和未来研究的方向呈现。
