School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Dec;20(6):947-55. doi: 10.1177/2047487312452966. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
Lifestyle behaviours established during adolescence may adversely affect blood pressure (BP) and contribute to gender differences in cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We aimed to assess the association of health behaviours with BP in adolescents, using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study.
Cross-sectional analysis on 1248 Raine Study adolescents aged 17 years, to examine associations between lifestyle factors and BP.
Boys had 8.97 mmHg higher systolic BP, as compared with girls. The 30% of girls using oral contraceptives (OC) had 3.27 and 1.74 mmHg higher systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, compared with non-users. Alcohol consumption in boys, increasing body mass index (BMI) and the sodium-potassium ratio were associated with systolic BP. We found a continuous relationship between BMI and systolic BP in both genders; however, the gradient of this relationship was significantly steeper in boys, compared with girls not taking OC. In boys, systolic BP was 5.7 mmHg greater in alcohol consumers who were in the upper quartile of BMI and the urinary sodium-potassium ratio compared with teetotallers in the lowest quartile. In girls, systolic BP was 5.5 mmHg higher in those taking OC, in the highest BMI and urinary sodium-potassium ratio quartile as compared to those not taking the OC pill and in the lowest quartile.
In addition to gender-related differences in the effects of adiposity on BP, we found lifestyle-related health behaviours such as high salt intake for both sexes, consumption of alcohol in boys, and OC use in girls were important factors associated with BP measurements in late adolescence. This suggests that gender-specific behavioural modification in adolescence may prevent adult hypertension.
青少年时期养成的生活方式可能会对血压（BP）产生不利影响，并导致成年后心血管风险的性别差异。我们旨在使用西澳大利亚妊娠（Raine）研究的数据评估健康行为与青少年 BP 之间的关系。
对 1248 名 17 岁的 Raine 研究青少年进行横断面分析，以研究生活方式因素与 BP 之间的关系。
与女孩相比，男孩的收缩压高 8.97mmHg。与非使用者相比，30%使用口服避孕药（OC）的女孩的收缩压和舒张压分别高 3.27mmHg 和 1.74mmHg。男孩饮酒、体重指数（BMI）增加和钠钾比值与收缩压有关。我们发现男女两性的 BMI 与收缩压之间存在连续关系；然而，与未服用 OC 的女孩相比，男孩的这种关系的梯度明显更陡峭。在男孩中，与 BMI 和尿钠钾比值最低四分位数的不饮酒者相比，BMI 和尿钠钾比值最高四分位数的饮酒者的收缩压高 5.7mmHg。在女孩中，与未服用 OC 且 BMI 和尿钠钾比值最低四分位数的女孩相比，服用 OC 且 BMI 和尿钠钾比值最高四分位数的女孩的收缩压高 5.5mmHg。
除了性别相关的肥胖对 BP 影响的差异外，我们还发现生活方式相关的健康行为，如男女高盐摄入、男孩饮酒以及女孩服用 OC，是与青春期后期 BP 测量值相关的重要因素。这表明青少年时期针对特定性别的行为改变可能预防成年期高血压。
