Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Cell Transplant. 2012;21(2-3):387-99. doi: 10.3727/096368911X605286.
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential; however, their potential clinical application is being arrested due to various limitations such as teratoma formation followed by tumorigenesis, emergent usage, and the quality control of cells, as well as safety issues regarding long-term culture are also delaying their clinical application. In addition, human ES cells have two crucial issues: immunogenicity and ethical issues associated with their clinical application. The efficient generation of human iPS cells requires gene transfer, yet the mechanism underlying pluripotent stem cell induction has not yet been fully elucidated. Otherwise, although human adult regenerative cells including mesenchymal stem cells have a limited capacity for differentiation, they are nevertheless promising candidates for tissue regeneration in a clinical setting. This review highlights the use of regenerative cells for transplantation in hepatic failure.
人类胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）和诱导多能干细胞（iPS 细胞）具有巨大的潜力；然而，由于多种限制，如畸胎瘤形成后导致的肿瘤发生、紧急使用以及细胞的质量控制，以及长期培养的安全性问题，它们的临床应用受到了阻碍。此外，人类 ES 细胞还存在两个关键问题：免疫原性和与临床应用相关的伦理问题。高效生成人类 iPS 细胞需要基因转移，但多能干细胞诱导的机制尚未完全阐明。另外，虽然包括间充质干细胞在内的人类成人再生细胞的分化能力有限，但它们仍然是临床组织再生的有前途的候选者。本综述强调了利用再生细胞进行肝衰竭移植的应用。
