Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Aug;23(8):758-64. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.04.005. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
A healthy diet has been inversely associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and low-grade inflammation (LGI). We investigated the association between nutrient consumption and biomarkers of ED and LGI in type 1 diabetes.
We investigated 491 individuals. Nutrient consumption and lifestyle risk factors were measured in 1989 and 1997. Biomarkers of ED (von Willebrand factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and soluble endothelial selectin) and LGI (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α) were measured in 1997 and averaged into Z-scores. The nutrient residual method was used to adjust individual nutrient intake for energy intake. Data were analysed with generalised estimation equations. We report increments/decrements in nutrient consumption, averaged over time, per +1 standard deviation (SD) of 1997 ED or LGI Z-scores, after adjustment for sex, age, duration of diabetes, investigation centre, body mass index, energy intake, smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption, and each of the other nutrients. One SD elevation in ED Z-score was associated with a diet lower in fibre [β(95%CI);-0.09(-0.18;-0.004)], polyunsaturated fat [-0.18(-0.31;-0.05)] and vegetable protein [-0.10(-0.20;-0.001)]. For the LGI Z-score results showed associations with fibre [-0.09(-0.17;-0.01)], polyunsaturated fat [-0.14(-0.24;-0.03)] and cholesterol [0.10(0.01; 0.18)].
In type 1 diabetes, consumption of less fibre, polyunsaturated fat and vegetable protein, and more cholesterol over the study period was associated with more ED and LGI. Following dietary guidelines in type 1 diabetes may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by favourably affecting ED and LGI.
健康的饮食与血管内皮功能障碍（ED）和低度炎症（LGI）呈负相关。我们研究了 1 型糖尿病患者营养摄入与 ED 和 LGI 生物标志物之间的关系。
我们调查了 491 人。1989 年和 1997 年测量了营养摄入和生活方式危险因素。1997 年测量了 ED（血管性血友病因子、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1 和可溶性内皮选择素）和 LGI（C 反应蛋白、白细胞介素 6 和肿瘤坏死因子α）的生物标志物，并将其平均为 Z 分数。采用广义估计方程来调整个体营养摄入的能量摄入。报告了 1997 年 ED 或 LGI Z 分数每增加/减少一个标准差（SD）时，时间平均的营养消耗增量/减量，调整了性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、研究中心、体重指数、能量摄入、吸烟行为、饮酒和其他每种营养素。ED Z 分数升高一个 SD 与膳食纤维摄入量较低[β（95%CI）；-0.09（-0.18；-0.004）]、多不饱和脂肪[-0.18（-0.31；-0.05）]和植物蛋白[-0.10（-0.20；-0.001）]有关。LGI Z 分数的结果与膳食纤维[-0.09（-0.17；-0.01）]、多不饱和脂肪[-0.14（-0.24；-0.03）]和胆固醇[0.10（0.01；0.18）]有关。
在 1 型糖尿病中，研究期间摄入较少的膳食纤维、多不饱和脂肪和植物蛋白，以及更多的胆固醇与 ED 和 LGI 增加有关。在 1 型糖尿病中遵循饮食指南可能通过有利地影响 ED 和 LGI 来降低心血管疾病风险。
