Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Hepatol. 2012 Dec;57(6):1370-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the growing incidence of metabolic syndrome. Diet is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we focused on recent publications reporting on the effect of macro- and micronutrients on development and progression of NAFLD. In general, saturated fat and fructose seem to stimulate hepatic lipid accumulation and progression into NASH, whereas unsaturated fat, choline, antioxidants, and high-protein diets rich in isoflavones seem to have a more preventive effect. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which diet affects NAFLD is expanding, not in the least due to innovative techniques, such as genomics tools that provide detailed comprehensive information on a large high-throughput scale. Although most nutrients seem to interfere with the balance between hepatic de novo lipogenesis (endogenous synthesis of fatty acids) and lipid oxidation (burning fat for energy), there are also indications that diet can trigger or prevent hepatic lipid accumulation by influencing the interaction between liver, gut, and adipose tissue. This review now gives a current detailed overview of diet-mediated mechanisms underlying NAFLD development and progression and summarizes recent results of genomics (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) studies that contribute to improved staging, monitoring and understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与代谢综合征的发病率不断上升有关。饮食是 NAFLD 发病机制的重要因素。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注了最近报道的关于宏量和微量营养素对 NAFLD 发展和进展影响的出版物。一般来说，饱和脂肪和果糖似乎会刺激肝内脂质堆积并进展为 NASH，而不饱和脂肪、胆碱、抗氧化剂和富含异黄酮的高蛋白饮食似乎具有更好的预防作用。由于创新技术（如基因组学工具）的发展，人们对饮食影响 NAFLD 的潜在机制的了解正在不断扩展，这些技术提供了大量高通量数据的详细综合信息。尽管大多数营养素似乎会干扰肝内从头脂肪生成（脂肪酸的内源性合成）和脂质氧化（燃烧脂肪供能）之间的平衡，但也有迹象表明，饮食可以通过影响肝脏、肠道和脂肪组织之间的相互作用来引发或预防肝内脂质堆积。这篇综述现在详细概述了饮食介导的 NAFLD 发展和进展的机制，并总结了最近的基因组学（转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学）研究结果，这些结果有助于改善 NAFLD 病理生理学的分期、监测和理解。
