Kreitsberg Randel, Tuvikene Arvo, Baršienė Janina, Fricke Nicolai Felix, Rybakovas Aleksandras, Andreikėnaitė Laura, Rumvolt Kateriina, Vilbaste Sirje
Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Rannu, 61117 Tartu County, Estonia.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Sep;14(9):2298-308. doi: 10.1039/c2em30285c. Epub 2012 Jul 13.
The eastern Baltic Sea near the Estonian coast is heavily navigated by numerous cargo ships and oil tankers. Hundreds of accidents and oil spills happen yearly in this area. Yet, there is a lack of data concerning the distribution and effects of the environmental contaminants, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Different parts of the Baltic Sea have different levels of contamination; therefore a wide range of monitoring stations in coastal areas in the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga were chosen. The aim of the present research was to document the responses of chosen biomarkers of environmental contaminants in different unstudied areas of the Estonian coastal sea. During 2009 and 2010 we measured PAH metabolites, EROD activities, geno- and cytotoxicity, histology, parasites and other biomarkers from the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), a resident benthic fish species. The results showed that fish from the Gulf of Riga emitted lower levels of fluorescence in fixed wavelength analyses (representing equivalents of PAH metabolites in bile and urine), and consistently, showed less geno- and cytotoxicity and parasite infection, higher liver somatic index (LSI) and a higher condition factor (CF) than fish inhabiting areas close to the Baltic proper and in the Gulf of Finland. The results point to the effect of long-range contaminant transportation, whether atmospheric or hydrodynamic, and also to the intensive shipping activity in international routes. This study fills the gap of knowledge in this area that has persisted until now. Nevertheless, more studies in this area on the different groups of contaminants are necessary, to specify the factors that are responsible for observed biological effects.
爱沙尼亚海岸附近的波罗的海东部海域有众多货船和油轮频繁往来。该区域每年发生数百起事故和石油泄漏事件。然而，关于环境污染物，尤其是多环芳烃（PAHs）的分布和影响的数据却十分匮乏。波罗的海不同区域的污染程度各异，因此在芬兰湾和里加湾沿海地区选择了广泛的监测站。本研究的目的是记录爱沙尼亚沿海未研究区域中环境污染物选定生物标志物的反应。在2009年和2010年期间，我们测量了胎生杜父鱼（Zoarces viviparus）（一种底栖常驻鱼类）体内的多环芳烃代谢物、EROD活性、基因毒性和细胞毒性、组织学、寄生虫及其他生物标志物。结果表明，与栖息在波罗的海主体附近和芬兰湾的鱼类相比，来自里加湾的鱼类在固定波长分析中发出的荧光水平较低（代表胆汁和尿液中多环芳烃代谢物的当量），并且一致地表现出较低的基因毒性和细胞毒性以及寄生虫感染率，肝脏体指数（LSI）和条件因子（CF）更高。结果表明了远距离污染物传输的影响，无论是通过大气传输还是水动力传输，也表明了国际航线密集的航运活动的影响。本研究填补了该领域至今一直存在的知识空白。尽管如此，仍有必要在该领域对不同污染物组进行更多研究，以明确导致观察到的生物效应的因素。
