Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2013 Mar;139(2):441-76. doi: 10.1037/a0029279. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
This meta-analysis summarized youth, academic, and workplace research on the potential antecedents (demographics, human capital, and relationship attributes), correlates (interaction frequency, relationship length, performance, motivation, and social capital), and consequences (attitudinal, behavioral, career-related, and health-related outcomes) of protégé perceptions of instrumental support, psychosocial support, and relationship quality to the mentor or to the relationship. A total of 173 meta-analytic correlations were computed based on data from 173 samples and a combined N of 40,737. Among antecedents, positive protégé perceptions were most strongly associated with greater similarity in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality with their mentors (ρ ranged from .38 to .59). Among correlates, protégé perceptions of greater instrumental support (ρ = .35) and relationship quality (ρ = .54) were most strongly associated with social capital while protégé perceptions of greater psychosocial support were most strongly associated with interaction frequency (ρ = .25). Among consequences, protégé perceptions of greater instrumental support (ρ = .36) and relationship quality (ρ = .38) were most strongly associated with situational satisfaction while protégé perceptions of psychosocial support were most highly associated with sense of affiliation (ρ = .41). Comparisons between academic and workplace mentoring generally revealed differences in magnitude, rather than direction, of the obtained effects. The results should be interpreted in light of the methodological limitations (primarily cross-sectional designs and single-source data) and, in some instances, a small number of primary studies.
本荟萃分析总结了青年、学术和工作场所研究中潜在的前因（人口统计学、人力资本和关系属性）、相关性（互动频率、关系长度、绩效、动机和社会资本）以及结果（态度、行为、职业相关和健康相关结果），这些结果是基于受导者对工具支持、心理社会支持和关系质量的感知而得出的，针对的是导师或关系本身。基于来自 173 个样本和总计 40737 名参与者的数据，共计算了 173 个元分析相关性。在前因方面，积极的受导者感知与导师在态度、价值观、信仰和个性方面的相似性最强（ρ 值范围从.38 到.59）。在相关性方面，受导者对工具支持（ρ=.35）和关系质量（ρ=.54）的感知与社会资本的相关性最强，而受导者对心理社会支持的感知与互动频率（ρ=.25）的相关性最强。在结果方面，受导者对工具支持（ρ=.36）和关系质量（ρ=.38）的感知与情境满意度的相关性最强，而受导者对心理社会支持的感知与归属感的相关性最强（ρ=.41）。学术和工作场所指导的比较一般揭示了获得的效果的大小差异，而不是方向差异。在某些情况下，由于方法学限制（主要是横断面设计和单一来源数据）和一些初步研究的数量较少，应该根据这些限制来解释结果。
