Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Dermatol Surg. 2012 Oct;38(10):1622-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02520.x. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most frequently observed cancers in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) and may have a significant disease burden.
To provide an update regarding the epidemiology and management of NMSC in SOTR.
Ten-year incidence rates range from 10% in Italy to 20% in Northern Europe to 70% in Australia. More than 50% of NMSC are located on sun-exposed areas (head, dorsum of hands). Many risk factors have been identified, including age at transplantation, fair skin, type of immunosuppressive drugs, cumulative sun exposure, viral infections, and various genetic markers. Patients with a first NMSC have a 49 times higher risk of developing a subsequent NMSC. Skin self-examination and photoprotection should be encouraged in all transplanted patients. Long-term skin surveillance, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of any suspicious lesion, reduction of immunosuppressive therapy, and conversion to m-TOR inhibitors can be also effective measures for reduction of NMSC incidence.
NMSC is the most frequent cancer observed in SOTR. Early diagnosis, patient education, and modification of immunosuppression are effective measures for reduction of NMSC incidence.
非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）是实体器官移植受者（SOTR）中最常见的癌症，可能具有显著的疾病负担。
提供有关 SOTR 中非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的流行病学和管理的最新信息。
10 年发病率从意大利的 10%到北欧的 20%到澳大利亚的 70%不等。超过 50%的 NMSC 位于暴露于阳光的部位（头部、手背）。已经确定了许多危险因素，包括移植时的年龄、浅色皮肤、免疫抑制剂的类型、累积的阳光暴露、病毒感染和各种遗传标记。首次发生 NMSC 的患者随后发生 NMSC 的风险高 49 倍。应鼓励所有移植患者进行皮肤自我检查和光保护。对所有可疑病变进行长期皮肤监测、早期诊断和积极治疗，减少免疫抑制治疗，以及转换为 m-TOR 抑制剂，也可以是降低 NMSC 发病率的有效措施。
NMSC 是 SOTR 中最常见的癌症。早期诊断、患者教育和免疫抑制的调整是降低 NMSC 发病率的有效措施。
