Coubard Olivier A
The Neuropsychological Laboratory, CNS-Fed Paris, France.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2012 Jul 12;4:18. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2012.00018. eCollection 2012.
As society ages and frequency of falls increases in older adults, counteracting motor decline is a challenging issue for developed countries. Physical activity based on aerobic and strength training as well as motor activity based on skill learning both help benefit balance and reduce the risk of falls, as assessed by clinical or laboratory measures. However, how such programs influence motor control is a neglected issue. This study examined the effects of fall prevention (FP) training on saccadic control in older adults. Saccades were recorded in 12 participants aged 64-91 years before and after 2.5 months training in FP. Traditional analysis of saccade timing and dynamics was performed together with a quantitative analysis using the LATER model, enabling us to examine the underlying motor control processes. Results indicated that FP reduced the rate of anticipatory and express saccades in inappropriate directions and enhanced that of express saccades in the appropriate direction, resulting in decreased latency and higher left-right symmetry of motor responses. FP reduced within-participant variability of saccade duration, amplitude, and peak velocity. LATER analysis suggested that FP modulates decisional thresholds, extending our knowledge of motor training influence on central motor control. We introduce the Threshold Interval Modulation with Early Release-Rate of rIse Deviation with Early Release (TIMER-RIDER) model to account for the results.
随着社会老龄化以及老年人跌倒频率的增加，对抗运动能力下降对发达国家来说是一个具有挑战性的问题。基于有氧和力量训练的体育活动以及基于技能学习的运动活动，通过临床或实验室测量评估，都有助于改善平衡并降低跌倒风险。然而，此类项目如何影响运动控制是一个被忽视的问题。本研究考察了预防跌倒（FP）训练对老年人扫视控制的影响。在12名年龄在64 - 91岁的参与者进行2.5个月的FP训练前后，记录他们的扫视情况。对扫视时间和动力学进行了传统分析，并使用LATER模型进行了定量分析，使我们能够研究潜在的运动控制过程。结果表明，FP降低了不适当方向上预期扫视和快速扫视的发生率，并提高了适当方向上快速扫视的发生率，导致运动反应的潜伏期缩短和左右对称性提高。FP降低了参与者内部扫视持续时间、幅度和峰值速度的变异性。LATER分析表明，FP调节决策阈值，扩展了我们对运动训练对中枢运动控制影响的认识。我们引入了具有早期释放上升偏差的早期释放阈值间隔调制（TIMER - RIDER）模型来解释这些结果。
