Pharmacy School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
EJNMMI Res. 2012 Jul 18;2(1):39. doi: 10.1186/2191-219X-2-39.
Nanomedicine is emerging as a promising approach for diagnostic applications. Nanoparticles are structures in the nanometer size range, which can present different shapes, compositions, charges, surface modifications, in vitro and in vivo stabilities, and in vivo performances. Nanoparticles can be made of materials of diverse chemical nature, the most common being metals, metal oxides, silicates, polymers, carbon, lipids, and biomolecules. Nanoparticles exist in various morphologies, such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, and tubes. Radiolabeled nanoparticles represent a new class of agent with great potential for clinical applications. This is partly due to their long blood circulation time and plasma stability. In addition, because of the high sensitivity of imaging with radiolabeled compounds, their use has promise of achieving accurate and early diagnosis. This review article focuses on the application of radiolabeled nanoparticles in detecting diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases and also presents an overview about the formulation, stability, and biological properties of the nanoparticles used for diagnostic purposes.
纳米医学作为一种有前途的诊断应用方法正在兴起。纳米粒子是处于纳米尺寸范围内的结构，它们可以呈现不同的形状、组成、电荷、表面修饰、体外和体内稳定性以及体内性能。纳米粒子可以由不同化学性质的材料制成，最常见的是金属、金属氧化物、硅酸盐、聚合物、碳、脂质和生物分子。纳米粒子存在于各种形态，如球体、圆柱体、薄片和管体。放射性标记的纳米粒子代表了一类具有巨大临床应用潜力的新型药物。这在一定程度上是由于它们具有较长的血液循环时间和血浆稳定性。此外，由于放射性标记化合物的成像具有很高的灵敏度，因此它们的使用有望实现准确和早期的诊断。本文综述了放射性标记纳米粒子在检测癌症和心血管疾病等疾病中的应用，并概述了用于诊断目的的纳米粒子的制剂、稳定性和生物学特性。
