Department of Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain.
Arch Toxicol. 2012 Nov;86(11):1649-65. doi: 10.1007/s00204-012-0906-3. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
The oxygen paradox tells us that oxygen is both necessary for aerobic life and toxic to all life forms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) touch every biological and medical discipline, especially those involving proliferative status, supporting the idea that active oxygen may be increased in tumor cells. In fact, metabolism of oxygen and the resulting toxic byproducts can cause cancer and death. Efforts to counteract the damage caused by ROS are gaining acceptance as a basis for novel therapeutic approaches, and the field of prevention of cancer is experiencing an upsurge of interest in medically useful antioxidants. Apoptosis is an important means of regulating cell numbers in the developing cell system, but it is so important that it must be controlled. Normal cell death in homeostasis of multicellular organisms is mediated through tightly regulated apoptotic pathways that involve oxidative stress regulation. Defective signaling through these pathways can contribute to both unbalance in apoptosis and development of cancer. Finally, in this review, we discuss new knowledge about recent tools that provide powerful antioxidant strategies, and designing methods to deliver to target cells, in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
氧悖论告诉我们，氧气对需氧生命是必需的，但对所有生命形式都是有毒的。活性氧（ROS）涉及到每一个生物学和医学学科，特别是那些涉及增殖状态的学科，这支持了这样一种观点，即肿瘤细胞中的活性氧可能增加。事实上，氧气的代谢和由此产生的有毒副产品会导致癌症和死亡。人们越来越接受对抗 ROS 造成的损害的努力，将其作为新的治疗方法的基础，预防癌症领域对医学上有用的抗氧化剂的兴趣正在激增。细胞凋亡是调节发育细胞系统中细胞数量的一种重要手段，但它非常重要，因此必须加以控制。多细胞生物中细胞的正常死亡是通过涉及氧化应激调节的严格调控的凋亡途径来介导的。这些途径中的信号传递缺陷可能导致凋亡失衡和癌症的发生。最后，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于最近的工具的新知识，这些工具为预防和治疗癌症提供了强大的抗氧化策略，并设计了将这些策略递送到靶细胞的方法。
