Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2012 Oct 15;47:121-30. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
Human serum and mother's milk are frequently used to assess exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including transplacental transfer to the foetus. However, little is known about the kinetics of PBDEs, especially the highly brominated BDE congeners. In this pilot study, maternal serum samples were collected from 10 women at delivery and five to six weeks post partum. Umbilical serum was also obtained. Milk was donated two to five days, and five to six weeks after delivery. The amount of PBDEs in these samples was determined using liquid-liquid extraction and GC/MS. Low, moderately and highly brominated diphenyl ethers were present in umbilical cord serum, indicating placental transfer. The lipid-adjusted levels of BDE-47, BDE-207 and BDE-209 were similar in maternal and umbilical cord serum, whereas the cord serum levels for the penta- to octa-BDEs quantified were lower than in maternal serum. Marked changes were seen in the congener pattern in breast milk during the first month of lactation, whereas maternal serum levels did not change significantly. The general pattern was an enrichment of low to moderately brominated congeners (i.e. from BDE-17 to BDE-154, with the exception of BDE-28) in colostrum compared with maternal serum. In contrast, more highly brominated congeners were found at similar, or lower levels in colostrum than in maternal serum. After the transition from colostrum to mature milk, the levels of BDE-153 and BDE-209 were substantially reduced, and BDE-209 was below the limit of detection in 6 out of 9 samples. A literature review on the design and reporting of studies on the transfer of PBDEs from mother to infant revealed a lack of transparency in many cases. The use of the recently published STROBE-ME guidelines is therefore recommended.
人血清和母乳常被用于评估多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的暴露情况，包括向胎儿的胎盘转移。然而，对于 PBDEs 的动力学，尤其是高溴代 BDE 同系物的动力学，人们知之甚少。在这项初步研究中，在分娩时和产后五至六周采集了 10 名女性的母体血清样本，并采集了脐血清。在分娩后两至五天和五至六周时捐献了母乳。使用液-液萃取和 GC/MS 测定这些样本中 PBDEs 的含量。脐带血清中存在低、中、高溴代二苯醚，表明存在胎盘转移。母体和脐带血清中 BDE-47、BDE-207 和 BDE-209 的脂质调整水平相似，而定量的五溴至八溴二苯醚的脐带血清水平则低于母体血清。在哺乳期的第一个月，母乳中同系物模式发生了明显变化，而母体血清水平没有明显变化。总体模式是与母体血清相比，初乳中低至中度溴代同系物（即 BDE-17 至 BDE-154，BDE-28 除外）更为丰富。相比之下，初乳中高溴代同系物的含量与母体血清相似或更低。从初乳过渡到成熟乳后，BDE-153 和 BDE-209 的水平显著降低，9 个样本中有 6 个样本的 BDE-209 含量低于检测限。对从母亲到婴儿的 PBDE 转移研究的设计和报告进行文献综述后发现，在许多情况下缺乏透明度。因此，建议使用最近发布的 STROBE-ME 指南。
