Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Neuropharmacology. 2013 Jan;64(5):490-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
Modafinil, a putative cognitive enhancing drug, has previously been shown to improve performance of healthy volunteers as well as patients with attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia, mainly in tests of executive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modafinil on non-verbal cognitive functions in healthy volunteers, with a particular focus on variations of cognitive load, measures of motivational factors and the effects on creative problem-solving.
A double-blind placebo-controlled parallel design study evaluated the effect of 200 mg of modafinil (N = 32) or placebo (N = 32) in non-sleep deprived healthy volunteers. Non-verbal tests of divergent and convergent thinking were used to measure creativity. A new measure of task motivation was used, together with more levels of difficulty on neuropsychological tests from the CANTAB battery.
Improvements under modafinil were seen on spatial working memory, planning and decision making at the most difficult levels, as well as visual pattern recognition memory following delay. Subjective ratings of enjoyment of task performance were significantly greater under modafinil compared with placebo, but mood ratings overall were not affected. The effects of modafinil on creativity were inconsistent and did not reach statistical significance.
Modafinil reliably enhanced task enjoyment and performance on several cognitive tests of planning and working memory, but did not improve paired associates learning. The findings confirm that modafinil can enhance aspects of highly demanding cognitive performance in non-sleep deprived individuals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
莫达非尼，一种假定的认知增强药物，此前已被证明可改善健康志愿者以及注意力缺陷障碍和精神分裂症患者的表现，主要是在执行功能测试中。本研究的目的是研究莫达非尼对健康志愿者非言语认知功能的影响，特别关注认知负荷的变化、动机因素的测量以及对创造性问题解决的影响。
一项双盲安慰剂对照平行设计研究评估了 200mg 莫达非尼（N=32）或安慰剂（N=32）对非睡眠剥夺的健康志愿者的影响。发散和聚合思维的非言语测试用于衡量创造力。使用了一种新的任务动机测量方法，以及来自 CANTAB 电池的神经心理测试的更多难度级别。
在最困难的水平上，莫达非尼改善了空间工作记忆、计划和决策，以及延迟后的视觉模式识别记忆。与安慰剂相比，莫达非尼显著提高了受试者对任务表现的享受度评分，但整体情绪评分没有受到影响。莫达非尼对创造力的影响不一致，没有达到统计学意义。
莫达非尼可靠地增强了几项规划和工作记忆认知测试的任务享受和表现，但并未改善配对联想学习。这些发现证实，莫达非尼可以增强非睡眠剥夺个体对高要求认知表现的某些方面。本文是题为“认知增强剂”的特刊的一部分。
