State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Aug;19(7):2498-505. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0977-y. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products and frequently detected in many environmental media. Potential reproductive effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) have been reported in mice, rats and water birds. PFOS and PFOA were also confirmed developing toxicants towards zebrafish embryos; however, the reported effect concentrations were contradictory. Polyfluorinated alkylated phosphate ester surfactants (including FC807) are precursor of PFOS and PFOA; however, there is no published information about the effects of FC807 and PFNA on zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of these four PFCs on zebrafish embryos. Normal fertilized zebrafish embryos were selected to be exposed to several concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFOS or FC807 in 24-well cell culture plates. A digital camera was used to image morphological anomalies of embryos with a stereomicroscope. Embryos were observed through matching up to 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) and rates of survival and abnormalities recorded. PFCs caused lethality in a concentration-dependent manner with potential toxicity in the order of PFOS > FC807 > PFNA > PFOA based on 72-h LC(50). Forty-eight-hour post-fertilization pericardial edema and 72- or 96-hpf spine crooked malformation were all observed. PFOA, PFNA, PFOS and FC807 all caused structural abnormalities using early stages of development of zebrafish. The PFCs all retarded the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of the PFCs was related to the length of the PFC chain and functional groups.
全氟化合物（PFCs）已广泛应用于工业和消费品中，并经常在许多环境介质中被检出。研究已经报道，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟壬酸（PFNA）对小鼠、大鼠和水鸟具有潜在的生殖毒性。PFOS 和 PFOA 也被证实对斑马鱼胚胎具有毒性；然而，报道的效应浓度存在差异。多氟烷基磷酸酯表面活性剂（包括 FC807）是 PFOS 和 PFOA 的前体，但目前尚无关于 FC807 和 PFNA 对斑马鱼胚胎影响的相关信息。因此，本研究旨在确定这四种 PFC 对斑马鱼胚胎的影响。选择正常受精的斑马鱼胚胎，在 24 孔细胞培养板中暴露于不同浓度的 PFOA、PFNA、PFOS 或 FC807 中。使用立体显微镜下的数码相机对胚胎的形态异常进行成像。通过在受精后 96 小时（hpf）观察胚胎，并记录存活率和畸形率。结果显示，PFCs 以浓度依赖的方式导致胚胎死亡，根据 72 小时半数致死浓度（LC50），其潜在毒性顺序为 PFOS > FC807 > PFNA > PFOA。48 小时后观察到心包水肿，72 小时或 96 小时后观察到脊柱弯曲畸形。PFOA、PFNA、PFOS 和 FC807 均导致斑马鱼胚胎发育早期出现结构异常。这些 PFCs 均延迟了斑马鱼胚胎的发育。PFCs 的毒性与 PFC 链的长度和功能基团有关。
