Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
Avian Pathol. 2012;41(4):329-35. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2012.697991.
This review is written for the series celebrating the 40th year since the first issue of Avian Pathology. The aim of the authors was to cover the developments in Newcastle disease (ND) research over the last 40 years that they considered significant. During those 40 years there have been several panzootics of this serious disease in poultry and for the last 30 years there has been a continuing panzootic in domestic pigeons, which has spread to wild birds and poultry. The 40-year period began with worldwide outbreaks of severe ND, which served as an important impetus for ND research work. Although early work was concerned with controlling the disease, specifically by improving and developing new vaccines and vaccine regimens, even prior to the 1970s ND virus was seen as a useful laboratory virus for replication and virulence studies. This review covers the historical developments in the following areas: understanding the molecular basis of virulence; epidemiology and relatedness of different ND strains, both antigenically and genetically; the emergence of virulent strains and their relationship with viruses of low virulence; sequencing and understanding the viral genome and genes; the development of rapid molecular-based diagnostic tests; and the phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of ND virus. The authors suggest areas in which future research could or should be undertaken.
这篇综述是为纪念《禽病学杂志》创刊 40 周年而撰写的。作者的目的是回顾过去 40 年来在新城疫（ND）研究方面的重要进展。在这 40 年中，家禽中曾发生过几次严重的 ND 大流行，而在过去 30 年中，家鸽中一直存在 ND 的持续大流行，并已传播到野生鸟类和家禽中。这 40 年的开端是世界范围内爆发的严重 ND，这为 ND 研究工作提供了重要动力。尽管早期的工作主要集中在控制疾病上，特别是通过改进和开发新疫苗和疫苗方案，但早在 20 世纪 70 年代之前，ND 病毒就被视为用于复制和毒力研究的有用实验室病毒。本综述涵盖了以下领域的历史发展：了解毒力的分子基础；不同 ND 株的流行病学和相关性，包括抗原和遗传；强毒株的出现及其与低毒力病毒的关系；测序和了解病毒基因组和基因；快速分子诊断检测方法的发展；以及 ND 病毒的系统发育和分子分类。作者提出了未来可能或应该开展研究的领域。
