Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Curr Mol Med. 2012 Dec;12(10):1297-310. doi: 10.2174/156652412803833553.
Pancreatic β-cell death of various types has diverse and important roles in the pathogenesis of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. The most widely recognized types of β-cell death in diabetes are apoptosis (type 1 programmed cell death) and necrosis. Apoptosis of β-cells is the key and final step in the development of T1D and contributes to β-cell failure or dysfunction in T2D. In the course of natural T1D, apoptotic β-cells undergoing secondary necrosis probably due to their defective clearance by phagocytes, may be involved in the initiation and development of the disease. Recently, autophagy (type 2 programmed cell death) is proposed as a third type of cell death and is being recognized as having certain roles in the prevention and execution of β-cell death, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, as dying β-cells are routinely exposed to the immune system, β-cell death could also affect the development of diabetes through regulation of inflammation or immune response. In this review, we describe the role of various types of pancreatic β-cell death in the development of T1D and T2D. We also discuss the role of dying β-cells in the control of inflammation which contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
各种类型的胰腺β细胞死亡在 1 型（T1D）和 2 型（T2D）糖尿病的发病机制中具有不同的重要作用。在糖尿病中，最广泛认可的β细胞死亡类型是细胞凋亡（1 型程序性细胞死亡）和细胞坏死。β细胞的凋亡是 T1D 发展的关键和最终步骤，并导致 T2D 中β细胞衰竭或功能障碍。在自然发生的 T1D 中，凋亡的β细胞可能由于其被吞噬细胞清除缺陷而发生继发性坏死，可能参与疾病的起始和发展。最近，自噬（2 型程序性细胞死亡）被提出作为第三种细胞死亡类型，并被认为在β细胞死亡的预防和执行中具有一定作用，具体取决于细胞环境。此外，由于垂死的β细胞经常暴露于免疫系统，β细胞死亡也可以通过调节炎症或免疫反应来影响糖尿病的发展。在这篇综述中，我们描述了各种类型的胰腺β细胞死亡在 T1D 和 T2D 发展中的作用。我们还讨论了垂死β细胞在控制炎症中的作用，炎症有助于糖尿病的发病机制。
