Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67155-1616, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran.
Biomolecules. 2023 Apr 4;13(4):649. doi: 10.3390/biom13040649.
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells' fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.
胰岛β细胞通过胰岛素的产生在血糖调节中起着核心作用。研究表明，自噬是β细胞功能和命运的一个必要过程。自噬是一种分解代谢的细胞过程，通过回收多余或受损的细胞成分来调节细胞的内稳态。自噬受损会导致β细胞功能丧失和细胞凋亡，进而导致糖尿病的发生和进展。有研究表明，在应对内质网应激、炎症和高代谢需求时，自噬会影响β细胞的功能、胰岛素的合成和分泌。本综述强调了自噬如何影响糖尿病发病机制中β细胞命运的最新证据。此外，我们还讨论了重要的内在和外在自噬调节剂的作用，这些调节剂可能导致β细胞衰竭。
