Haldre Kai, Part Kai, Ketting Evert
Tartu University Women's Clinic, Tartu, Estonia.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012 Oct;17(5):351-62. doi: 10.3109/13625187.2012.696751. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
A new school curriculum was introduced in Estonia in 1996 comprising for the first time sexuality education (SE) topics. The first youth counselling centres (YCCs) addressing sexual health matters were set up in 1991-1992. This study describes the development of school-based SE and YCCs in 1992 - 2009, and explores the concurrent changes in sexuality-related knowledge, behaviour, and sexual health indicators.
The analyses are based on 12 population-based surveys. Data on births, abortions and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are taken from national registers.
By the middle of the past decade SE was well established. There has been a trend towards younger age at first sexual intercourse, and increased usage of condoms and reliable contraceptive methods. The abortion rate among 15-19-year-olds declined by 61% and their fertility rate by 59%. The annual number of registered new HIV cases among 15-19-year-olds dropped from 560 in 2001 to 25 in 2009, new syphilis cases from 116 in 1998 to two in 2009, and gonorrhoea cases from 263 in 1998 to 20 in 2009.
This study documents considerable improvements in sexual health indicators of youths, and indicates that these run parallel to the development of school-based SE and YCCs.
1996年爱沙尼亚引入了新的学校课程，首次纳入了性教育（SE）主题。1991 - 1992年设立了首批处理性健康问题的青年咨询中心（YCCs）。本研究描述了1992年至2009年基于学校的性教育和青年咨询中心的发展情况，并探讨了与性相关的知识、行为和性健康指标的同步变化。
分析基于12项基于人群的调查。出生、堕胎和包括艾滋病毒在内的性传播感染的数据取自国家登记册。
到过去十年中期，性教育已稳固确立。首次性交年龄有变小的趋势，避孕套和可靠避孕方法的使用有所增加。15至19岁青少年的堕胎率下降了61%，生育率下降了59%。15至19岁青少年中每年登记的新艾滋病毒病例数从2001年的560例降至2009年的25例，新梅毒病例数从1998年的116例降至2009年的2例，淋病病例数从1998年的263例降至2009年的20例。
本研究记录了青少年性健康指标的显著改善，并表明这些改善与基于学校的性教育和青年咨询中心的发展同步。
