Santos F S, Chaves C R M, Costa R S S, Oliveira O R C, Santana M G, Conceição F D, Sardinha F L C, Veiga G V, Tavares do Carmo M G
Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2012 Aug;25(4):270-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.05.001.
The objective was to quantify cis and trans fatty acids in maternal plasma and infant cord plasma from adolescent mothers.
From 80 adolescent healthy mothers, we sampled postpartum maternal blood and umbilical cord blood at birth. Trans fatty acids (tFAs), linoleic (18:2), and arachidonic (AA, 20:4) acids of the n-6 family, and α-linolenic (18:3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids of the n-3 family were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Results were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids.
Linoleic fatty acid was present in greater proportions in the maternal plasma than in that of the umbilical cord, whereas AA was present in greater proportions in the total lipids of umbilical cord blood. Docosahexaenoic acid was the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of the n-3 family that was predominant in both maternal and umbilical cord plasma. The tFAs in the maternal plasma had a negative correlation with oleic acid and linoleic acid. Linolenic acid had a positive correlation with cephalic perimeter upon birth. A tendency for a negative correlation between trans isomers and gestational age at birth (P = .05) was observed.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are important to fetal growth and development, were found in greater quantities in the cord blood of newborns of adolescents than in the maternal blood, indicating a priority of transfer of AA and docosahexaenoic fatty acids to the fetus. Despite the lower levels of tFAs found in maternal blood, we verified potential risk for premature birth.
本研究旨在定量分析青春期母亲母体血浆和婴儿脐带血浆中的顺式和反式脂肪酸。
选取80名健康的青春期母亲，在产后采集其母体血液以及婴儿出生时的脐带血。采用气液色谱法分析反式脂肪酸（tFAs）、n-6族的亚油酸（18:2）和花生四烯酸（AA，20:4），以及n-3族的α-亚麻酸（18:3）、二十碳五烯酸（20:5）和二十二碳六烯酸（22:6）。结果以总脂肪酸的百分比表示。
母体血浆中亚油酸的比例高于脐带血浆，而脐带血总脂质中AA的比例更高。二十二碳六烯酸是n-3族长链多不饱和脂肪酸，在母体和脐带血浆中均占主导地位。母体血浆中的tFAs与油酸和亚油酸呈负相关。亚麻酸与出生时的头围呈正相关。观察到反式异构体与出生时的胎龄呈负相关趋势（P = 0.05）。
对胎儿生长发育至关重要的长链多不饱和脂肪酸在青春期母亲新生儿的脐带血中含量高于母体血液，这表明AA和二十二碳六烯酸优先向胎儿转移。尽管母体血液中的tFAs水平较低，但我们证实了早产的潜在风险。
