Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
Vaccine. 2012 Sep 7;30(41):5905-13. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.035. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
As women vaccinated against measles transfer low amounts of antibodies, an increasing number of infants lack early protection through maternal antibodies until being immunised themselves. This paper reviews the literature on disease burden of measles in the population too young to be immunized according to the respective national recommendations during recent outbreaks in EU and EEA/EFTA countries. In addition, specific control strategies adopted to protect this young population are reviewed. Pubmed, Unbound Medline, Web of Knowledge and the Eurosurveillance database were searched using MESH terms: measles and epidemiology, measles and infants, prevalence of measles, measles and outbreaks and measles and epidemic. Additionally, data from Euvac.net and ECDC were consulted. Databases were searched from January 2001 to September 2011. Fifty-three papers were included in the analysis. The percentage of all measles cases during outbreaks affecting young infants ranged from 0.25% to 83.0%. Specific control strategies were adopted: e.g. administration of the first or second vaccine dose earlier than recommended. Infants younger than 12 months are often involved in measles outbreaks, and advancing the first vaccine dose could reduce the burden of disease. However, immunization before 9 months of age is not systematically recommended because of dysmature humoral immune responses of infants. High coverage and timely administration of the recommended series of vaccines are the most important measures to decrease measles incidence and measles circulation and protect vulnerable infants from infection.
由于接种麻疹疫苗的女性所传递的抗体数量较少，越来越多的婴儿在自身免疫接种之前缺乏通过母体抗体获得的早期保护。本文综述了欧盟和欧洲经济区/欧洲自由贸易联盟国家最近爆发麻疹疫情期间，根据各自国家建议，未接种疫苗的人群中麻疹疾病负担的文献。此外，还回顾了为保护这一年轻人群而采取的特定控制策略。使用 MESH 术语：麻疹和流行病学、麻疹和婴儿、麻疹流行率、麻疹和暴发以及麻疹和流行，在 PubMed、Unbound Medline、Web of Knowledge 和 Eurosurveillance 数据库中进行了搜索。此外，还查阅了 Euvac.net 和 ECDC 的数据。数据库搜索时间为 2001 年 1 月至 2011 年 9 月。有 53 篇论文纳入分析。暴发期间影响幼儿的所有麻疹病例的百分比范围从 0.25%到 83.0%。采取了特定的控制策略：例如，比建议的时间更早地接种第一剂或第二剂疫苗。12 个月以下的婴儿经常会感染麻疹，提前接种第一剂疫苗可以减轻疾病负担。然而，由于婴儿的体液免疫反应不成熟，不系统地推荐在 9 个月之前进行免疫接种。高覆盖率和及时接种推荐的疫苗系列是减少麻疹发病率和麻疹传播的最重要措施，可保护易受感染的婴儿免受感染。
