Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Sep;18(5):908-16. doi: 10.1017/S1355617712000756. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
Theory of mind (ToM) involves thinking about mental states and intentions to understand what other people know and to predict how they will act. We studied ToM in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and age- and gender-matched children with orthopedic injuries (OI), using a new three-frame Jack and Jill cartoon task that measures intentional thinking separate from contingent task demands. In the key ToM trials, which required intentional thinking, Jack switched a black ball from one hat to another of a different color, but Jill did not witness the switch; in the otherwise identical non-ToM trials, the switch was witnessed. Overall accuracy was higher in children with OI than in those with TBI. Children with severe TBI showed a larger decline in accuracy on ToM trials, suggesting a specific deficit in ToM among children with severe TBI. Accuracy was significantly higher on trials following errors than on trials following correct responses, suggesting that all groups monitored performance and responded to errors with increased vigilance. TBI is associated with poorer intentional processing in school-age children and adolescents relative to peers with OI; furthermore, children with TBI are challenged specifically by intentional demands, especially when their injury is severe. (JINS, 2012, 19, 1-9).
心理理论（Theory of mind，ToM）涉及思考心理状态和意图，以理解他人的所知所想，并预测他们的行为方式。我们使用一种新的三格杰克和吉尔卡通任务来研究创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）患儿和年龄、性别匹配的骨科损伤（orthopedic injuries，OI）患儿的 ToM，该任务可从偶然任务需求中单独衡量有意思维。在需要有意思维的关键 ToM 试验中，杰克将一个黑球从一个帽子切换到另一个不同颜色的帽子，但吉尔没有看到这个切换；在其他完全相同的非 ToM 试验中，切换被看到了。OI 患儿的整体准确率高于 TBI 患儿。严重 TBI 患儿在 ToM 试验中的准确性下降幅度更大，这表明严重 TBI 患儿的 ToM 存在特定缺陷。在错误后进行的试验中的准确率明显高于在正确反应后进行的试验中的准确率，这表明所有组都在监测表现，并通过提高警惕性来应对错误。与 OI 患儿相比，TBI 与学龄儿童和青少年的意图加工较差有关；此外，TBI 患儿受到特定的有意需求的挑战，尤其是当他们的损伤严重时。（JINS，2012，19，1-9）。
