Children's Mental Health Team, Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Oct;33(10):1656-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01003.x. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Although children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are at high risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), direct comparisons show distinct cognitive phenotypes in the 2 diagnoses. However, these groups have not been directly compared for social problems or social cognition, nor has social cognition been directly examined in FASDs.
To compare FASDs and ADHD groups on social cognition tasks and determine whether deficient social cognition and emotion processing predict behavioral problems and social skills.
Studied were 33 children with FASDs, 30 with ADHD, and 34 normal controls (NC). All received tasks of social cognition and emotion processing. Parents and teachers rated children on measures of completed questionnaires assessing child's behavioral problems and social skills using the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Social Skills Rating Scale. Children received 3 subtests from the Saltzman-Benaiah and Lalonde (2007) Theory of Mind Task as a measure of social cognition and 4 subtests from the Minnesota Test of Affective Processing (Lai et al., 1991) to assess emotion processing.
Parents and teachers reported more behavior problems and poorer social skills in children in FASD and ADHD than NC groups. FASDs demonstrated significantly weaker social cognition and facial emotion processing ability than ADHD and NC groups. Regression analyses identified social cognition as a significant predictor of behavior problems and emotion processing as a significant predictor of social skills.
Children with FASDs show a distinct behavioral profile from children with ADHD. Difficulties in social cognition and emotion processing in children with FASDs may contribute to their high incidence of social behavioral problems.
尽管胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）儿童患注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的风险很高，但直接比较显示这两种诊断存在明显的认知表型。然而，这些群体在社交问题或社交认知方面尚未进行直接比较，也没有直接检查 FASD 中的社交认知。
比较 FASD 和 ADHD 组在社交认知任务上的表现，并确定社交认知和情绪处理能力缺陷是否预测行为问题和社交技能。
研究了 33 名 FASD 儿童、30 名 ADHD 儿童和 34 名正常对照组（NC）。所有儿童均接受了社交认知和情绪处理任务。父母和教师使用儿童行为检查表、教师报告表和社交技能评定量表对儿童的行为问题和社交技能进行了问卷调查。儿童接受了 Saltzman-Benaiah 和 Lalonde（2007）心理理论任务的 3 个子测试和明尼苏达情感处理测试（Lai 等人，1991 年）的 4 个子测试，作为社交认知的测量方法和情绪处理的测量方法。
父母和教师报告称，FASD 和 ADHD 组的儿童比 NC 组的儿童有更多的行为问题和较差的社交技能。FASD 组的社交认知和面部情绪处理能力明显弱于 ADHD 和 NC 组。回归分析确定社交认知是行为问题的显著预测因素，情绪处理是社交技能的显著预测因素。
FASD 儿童的行为特征与 ADHD 儿童明显不同。FASD 儿童在社交认知和情绪处理方面的困难可能导致他们社交行为问题的高发。
