Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Research, P. Debeyeplein 25, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Jul 30;13:135. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-135.
Few studies have investigated the use of a 3-dimensional gyroscope for measuring the range of motion (ROM) in the impaired shoulder. Reproducibility of digital inclinometer and visual estimation is poor. This study aims to investigate the reproducibility of a tri axial gyroscope in measurement of anteflexion, abduction and related rotations in the impaired shoulder.
Fifty-eight patients with either subacromial impingement (27) or osteoarthritis of the shoulder (31) participated. Active anteflexion, abduction and related rotations were measured with a tri axial gyroscope according to a test retest protocol. Severity of shoulder impairment and patient perceived pain were assessed by the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS scores were recorded before and after testing.
In two out of three hospitals patients with osteoarthritis (n = 31) were measured, in the third hospital patients with subacromial impingement (n = 27).There were significant differences among hospitals for the VAS and DASH scores measured before and after testing. The mean differences between the test and retest means for anteflexion were -6 degrees (affected side), 9 (contralateral side) and for abduction 15 degrees (affected side) and 10 degrees (contralateral side).Bland & Altman plots showed that the confidence intervals for the mean differences fall within -6 up to 15 degrees, individual test - retest differences could exceed these limits.A simulation according to 'Generalizability Theory' produces very good coefficients for anteflexion and related rotation as a comprehensive measure of reproducibility. Optimal reproducibility is achieved with 2 repetitions for anteflexion.
Measurements were influenced by patient perceived pain. Differences in VAS and DASH might be explained by different underlying pathology. These differences in shoulder pathology however did not alter the reproducibility of testing. The use of a tri axial gyroscope is a simple non invasive and reproducible method for the recording of shoulder anteflexion and abduction. Movements have to be repeated twice for reproducible results.
很少有研究调查使用三维陀螺仪来测量受损肩部的运动范围（ROM）。数字倾角计和视觉估计的重现性很差。本研究旨在探讨三轴陀螺仪在测量受损肩部前屈、外展和相关旋转方面的重现性。
58 名患有肩峰下撞击症（27 名）或肩关节炎（31 名）的患者参与了研究。根据测试-再测试方案，使用三轴陀螺仪测量主动前屈、外展和相关旋转。通过手臂肩手残疾量表（DASH）和视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估肩部损伤的严重程度和患者的疼痛感知。在测试前后记录 VAS 评分。
在三家医院中的两家，测量了患有肩关节炎的患者（n=31），在第三家医院，测量了患有肩峰下撞击症的患者（n=27）。三家医院之间 VAS 和 DASH 评分的测量结果存在显著差异。前屈的测试和再测试平均值之间的平均差异为-6 度（患侧）、9 度（对侧），外展的平均差异为 15 度（患侧）和 10 度（对侧）。Bland & Altman 图显示，平均差异的置信区间在-6 到 15 度之间，个体测试-再测试差异可能超过这些限制。根据“可概括性理论”进行的模拟产生了非常好的前屈和相关旋转的综合测量重现性系数。前屈重复两次可达到最佳重现性。
测量结果受到患者疼痛感知的影响。VAS 和 DASH 的差异可能是由不同的潜在病理引起的。然而，这些肩部病理的差异并没有改变测试的重现性。使用三轴陀螺仪是一种简单、非侵入性和可重复的测量肩部前屈和外展的方法。为了获得可重复的结果，运动必须重复两次。
