典型衰老和帕金森病对呼吸暂停、句法和标点之间关系的影响。
Impact of typical aging and Parkinson's disease on the relationship among breath pausing, syntax, and punctuation.
机构信息
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
出版信息
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2012 Nov;21(4):368-79. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0059). Epub 2012 Jul 30.
PURPOSE
The present study examines the impact of typical aging and Parkinson's disease (PD) on the relationship among breath pausing, syntax, and punctuation.
METHOD
Thirty young adults, 25 typically aging older adults, and 15 individuals with PD participated. Fifteen participants were age- and sex-matched to the individuals with PD. Participants read a passage aloud 2 times. Utterance length, location of breath pauses relative to punctuation and syntax, and number of disfluencies and mazes were measured.
RESULTS
Older adults produced shorter utterances, a smaller percentage of breaths at major boundaries, and a greater percentage of breaths at minor boundaries than did young adults, but there was no significant difference between older adults and individuals with PD on these measures. Individuals with PD took a greater percentage of breaths at locations unrelated to a syntactic boundary than did control participants. Individuals with PD produced more mazes than did control participants. Breaths were significantly correlated with punctuation for all groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes in breath-pausing patterns in older adults are likely due to changes in respiratory physiology. However, in individuals with PD, such changes appear to result from a combination of changes to respiratory physiology and cognition.
目的
本研究考察了典型衰老和帕金森病（PD）对呼吸停顿、句法和标点符号之间关系的影响。
方法
30 名年轻成年人、25 名典型衰老的老年人和 15 名 PD 患者参与了研究。15 名参与者与 PD 患者在年龄和性别上相匹配。参与者两次大声朗读一段文章。测量了话语长度、呼吸停顿相对于标点符号和句法的位置，以及不流畅和迷宫的数量。
结果
与年轻成年人相比，老年人的话语更短，主要边界处的呼吸比例更小，次要边界处的呼吸比例更大，但与 PD 患者相比，老年人在这些指标上没有显著差异。PD 患者在与句法边界无关的位置呼吸的比例大于对照组。PD 患者产生的迷宫比对照组多。对于所有组，呼吸与标点符号显著相关。
结论
老年人呼吸停顿模式的变化可能是由于呼吸生理变化所致。然而，在 PD 患者中，这种变化似乎是由呼吸生理和认知变化共同引起的。
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