Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 1;206(7):1059-68. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis441. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
In late October 2009, school-located pandemic vaccination was initiated in Maine before or concurrent with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) peak activity.
A case-control evaluation of 2009 H1N1 vaccine effectiveness was conducted in schools in Cumberland County, Maine. A case was a child who had an acute respiratory illness during 2 November-18 December 2009, and who tested positive for pH1N1 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). For each case, ≥ 4 event time-matched controls were sampled among classmates present in school during the study period who did not have an influenza-like illness. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio [aOR])100%; aOR was estimated by using weighted logistic regression.
After adjusting for a diagnosis of asthma, 1 dose of 2009 H1N1 vaccine provided 69% protection (95% confidence interval (CI), 13-89) against rRT-PCR-confirmed H1N1 infection. Vaccine effectiveness estimates for live attenuated and inactivated vaccine were 81% (95% CI, -37 to 97), and 58% (95% CI: -39 to 87), respectively.
One dose of monovalent pandemic vaccine provided substantial protection against pH1N1 infection among school-aged children.
2009 年 10 月下旬，缅因州在 2009 年甲型 H1N1 流感（pH1N1）病毒高峰活动之前或同时开始在学校进行定点疫苗接种。
在缅因州坎伯兰县的学校中进行了 2009 年 H1N1 疫苗有效性的病例对照评估。病例是在 2009 年 11 月 2 日至 12 月 18 日期间患有急性呼吸道疾病且通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）检测 pH1N1 呈阳性的儿童。对于每个病例，在研究期间在校内出现且未患有流感样疾病的同学中，选择≥4 个事件时间匹配的对照。疫苗有效性的计算方法为（1-调整后的优势比[aOR]）100%；通过加权逻辑回归估计 aOR。
在调整了哮喘诊断后，一剂 2009 年 H1N1 疫苗对 rRT-PCR 确诊的 H1N1 感染提供了 69%的保护（95%置信区间[CI]，13-89）。减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗的疫苗有效性估计值分别为 81%（95%CI：-37 至 97）和 58%（95%CI：-39 至 87）。
一剂单价大流行疫苗可显著保护学龄儿童免受 pH1N1 感染。
