Le Saux N, Robinson Jl
Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Aug;16(7):417-24. doi: 10.1093/pch/16.7.417.
Although immunization has decreased the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in vaccinated children, pneumonia remains common in healthy children. Unless it is totally impractical, a chest radiograph should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia. Factors such as age, vital signs and other measures of illness severity are critical in the decision regarding whether to admit a patient to hospital. Because Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children, prescribing amoxicillin or ampicillin for seven to 10 days remains the mainstay of empirical therapy for non-severe pneumonia. If improvement does not occur, consideration should be given to searching for complications (empyema or lung abscess). Routine chest radiographs at the end of therapy are not recommended unless clinically indicated.
尽管免疫接种已降低了接种疫苗儿童细菌性肺炎的发病率，但肺炎在健康儿童中仍然很常见。除非完全不切实际，否则应进行胸部X光检查以确诊肺炎。年龄、生命体征和其他疾病严重程度指标等因素对于决定是否将患者收住入院至关重要。由于肺炎链球菌仍然是儿童细菌性肺炎最常见的病因，因此开具阿莫西林或氨苄西林治疗7至10天仍然是治疗非重症肺炎经验性治疗的主要方法。如果病情没有改善，应考虑寻找并发症（脓胸或肺脓肿）。除非有临床指征，否则不建议在治疗结束时进行常规胸部X光检查。
