Kirichenko Vladimir A, Kirichenko Alexander V, Werts Day E
McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Biosecur Bioterror. 2012 Sep;10(3):314-20. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0019. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
Despite the tragic accidents in Fukushima and Chernobyl, the nuclear power industry will continue to contribute to the production of electric energy worldwide until there are efficient and sustainable alternative sources of energy. The Chernobyl nuclear accident, which occurred 26 years ago in the former Soviet Union, released an immense amount of radioactivity over vast territories of Belarus, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation, extending into northern Europe, and became the most severe accident in the history of the nuclear industry. This disaster was a result of numerous factors including inadequate nuclear power plant design, human errors, and violation of safety measures. The lessons learned from nuclear accidents will continue to strengthen the safety design of new reactor installations, but with more than 400 active nuclear power stations worldwide and 104 reactors in the Unites States, it is essential to reassess fundamental issues related to the Chernobyl experience as it continues to evolve. This article summarizes early and late events of the incident, the impact on thyroid health, and attempts to reduce agricultural radioactive contamination.
尽管福岛和切尔诺贝利发生了悲惨事故，但在出现高效且可持续的替代能源之前，核电行业将继续为全球电能生产做出贡献。26年前在前苏联发生的切尔诺贝利核事故，在白俄罗斯、乌克兰和俄罗斯联邦的广大地区释放了大量放射性物质，影响范围延伸至北欧，成为核工业史上最严重的事故。这场灾难是由诸多因素造成的，包括核电站设计不完善、人为失误以及违反安全措施等。从核事故中吸取的教训将继续加强新反应堆装置的安全设计，但鉴于全球有400多座现役核电站，美国有104座反应堆，随着切尔诺贝利事故的影响仍在持续演变，重新评估与切尔诺贝利事件相关的基本问题至关重要。本文总结了该事件的早期和后期情况、对甲状腺健康的影响，以及减少农业放射性污染的尝试。
